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121102
Chemical Bonds
Description
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Mind Map on Chemical Bonds, created by rushipatel on 03/06/2013.
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chemistry
chemistry
cambridge igcse
Mind Map by
rushipatel
, updated more than 1 year ago
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rushipatel
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Chemical Bonds
Metalic
Metals
Sea of Delocallised electrons
Flow of electrons ==> Electricity
Regular layered structure
Malleable
Covalent
Non-metals
Sharing of Electrons
Strong
Giant Covalent
Silicon Dioxide
Annotations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?safe=active&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=681&tbm=isch&tbnid=g4loXObprsmi9M:&imgrefurl=http://www.tradeget.com/listing/hitop-optical-vapor-material-co-ltd/products-services/58201/1/&docid=GBWG-u2g_4GNzM&imgurl=http://img1.tradeget.com/hitopoptinal%25255C7EV31VTV1sio2.jpg&w=320&h=320&ei=7EKjUc76LoTE0QWz_IHIAg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:9,s:0,i:108&iact=rc&dur=2358&page=1&tbnh=182&tbnw=180&start=0&ndsp=18&tx=80&ty=64
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?safe=active&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=681&tbm=isch&tbnid=_4sA_n1KcsPx_M:&imgrefurl=http://www.edulabworld.com/product/265-sio2-crystal-model-31046-1-d1a7/&docid=mE7WbAKGOx52uM&imgurl=http://www.edulabworld.com/imglibs/images/265-1217231814850-middle.jpg&w=360&h=326&ei=7EKjUc76LoTE0QWz_IHIAg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:40,s:0,i:208&iact=rc&dur=1195&page=2&tbnh=178&tbnw=192&start=18&ndsp=24&tx=6&ty=126
aka. Mica
aka. sand/quartz
Melting point: 1,600 °C Boiling point: 2,230 °C
High mp and bp
To melt/boil one must break covalent bonds
Covalent bonds are strong
Breaking requires a lot of energy
Therefore hard to break
Carbon
Diamond
Graphite
Annotations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite
layered
can slide
pencils
Simple Molecular
Annotations:
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?safe=active&sa=G&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=1ZDIA5r84GpmBM:&imgrefurl=http://ddrmacintosh.tripod.com/grade11chemistryunit1matterandchemicalbonding/id1.html&docid=b6ktck_BniySNM&imgurl=http://ddrmacintosh.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/compounds_molecules.jpg&w=582&h=340&ei=9TyjUe7ZCPLZ0QWru4HwCQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:16,s:0,i:132&iact=rc&dur=2292&page=1&tbnh=171&tbnw=281&start=0&ndsp=19&tx=77&ty=63
weak intermolecular forces
easy to overcome
requirement for boiling
and melting but not as much
between molecules
molecules madeof atoms joined by covalent bonds
normally liquids (e.g. water) or gases (e.g. Hydrogen, Oxygen)
A covalent bond is made up of a strong attraction between the bonding pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved in the bond
Ionic
Annotations:
http://www.marin.edu/homepages/ErikDunmire/CHEM105/Concept_Review/Ionic/Ionic_Cmpds.html
Metal + Non-metal
involves ions
Positive ions and negative ions
Electrostatic forces pull them together
need to break to become liquid or gas
difficult
normally solid at rt.
regular structure
giant ionic
when molten or aq. electrolysis can occur
Flow of charge==> Electricity
e.g. NaCl
Annotations:
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?safe=active&sa=G&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=cigOcCaxNKZvTM:&imgrefurl=http://itc.gsw.edu/faculty/speavy/spclass/chemistry/bonds.htm&docid=M9AszkSeMGxq7M&imgurl=http://itc.gsw.edu/faculty/speavy/spclass/chemistry/bonds1.gif&w=907&h=447&ei=9TyjUe7ZCPLZ0QWru4HwCQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:10,s:0,i:114&iact=rc&dur=802&page=1&tbnh=157&tbnw=320&start=0&ndsp=19&tx=129&ty=64
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?safe=active&sa=G&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=7fybeNsbpLMILM:&imgrefurl=http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/143Aioniccpds.html&docid=u76eGn_BrUL2JM&imgurl=http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/151ionic.GIF&w=340&h=383&ei=9TyjUe7ZCPLZ0QWru4HwCQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:2,s:0,i:90&iact=rc&dur=3395&page=1&tbnh=193&tbnw=166&start=0&ndsp=19&tx=116&ty=84
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?safe=active&sa=G&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=KfYunnzAF2ttwM:&imgrefurl=http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/physical-chemistry/ionic-bonding.html&docid=voI5A-lax66odM&imgurl=http://image.tutorvista.com/cms/images/44/ionic-compound-structure.JPG&w=222&h=217&ei=9TyjUe7ZCPLZ0QWru4HwCQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:9,s:0,i:111&iact=rc&dur=1244&page=1&tbnh=133&tbnw=112&start=0&ndsp=19&tx=74&ty=98
Hold elements and compounds together
Media attachments
diamond.GIF (image/GIF)
diamond (image/png)
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