Chapter 6 & 7

Chapter 6 & 7

China
1. Environmental challenges
  1. Lack of fresh water.
    1. Industries & agriculture use a lot.
    2. Lack of waste-water facilities.
  2. Air pollution - motor vehicles
    1. Health issues.
  3. Lack of environment laws means chemical waste isn't controlled.
  4. Acid rain & emissions cause crop damage.
2. Most rapidly growing economy.
  1. Although inequality is widening - esp between urban & rural.
    1. More people are migrating to cities.
3. Sustainable development
  1. China hasn't switched to cleaner technology as it more expensive, lack of knowledge & lack of access
    1. People & environmental groups can't criticise the govt.
      1. Can only form in an educating capacity.
    2. No environment analysis or data collection - can't tell what harm is occuring.
4. Because of its expansion (economically) & population=increase in energy use.
  1. Causing prices to rise as suppliers try to meet the demands.
  2. New electrical power plants powered by coal.
  3. Coal/oil.
    2. Relies on imports because of high usage.
  4. Has no natural oil reserves - relies heavily on coal.
    1. Emits the most greenhouse gases=80% co2.
Developing countries try to raise standards of living by industrialisation.
Perspectives of development.
1. Modernisation.
  1. Emerged in 1960's.
  2. Influenced by liberal economics - importance of free markets.
  3. Scientists & engineers came up with new ways to make life better - social change.
  4. Technology was seen to determine the shape of society.
    1. Also, modern attitudes & values were important for the success of development.
      1. Communicating ideas through mass media & openness to innovation.
2. Marxism & dependency theory.
  1. Emphasised imperialism.
    1. Powerful capitalist countries exploit the less powerful for their own gain.
      1. Increase of industrialisation went hand-in-hand with increase of environment destruction.
3. Post-development.
  1. Has a synergy to people-centred approach to development.
  2. Small-scale development goals in developing countries - which include local technology, environmental & socio-economic alternatives to modernisation & depency theories.
    1. People in the South should be free to live in harmony with the Earth - development does more harm than good.
  3. Importance of non-human life - sustainable development.

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