Chapter 6 & 7

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degree Block 5 Mind Map on Chapter 6 & 7, created by heididdle on 04/06/2013.
heididdle
Mind Map by heididdle, updated more than 1 year ago
heididdle
Created by heididdle over 11 years ago
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Chapter 6 & 7
  1. China
    1. Environmental challenges
      1. Lack of fresh water.
        1. Industries & agriculture use a lot.
          1. Lack of waste-water facilities.
          2. Air pollution - motor vehicles
            1. Health issues.
            2. Lack of environment laws means chemical waste isn't controlled.
              1. Acid rain & emissions cause crop damage.
              2. Most rapidly growing economy.
                1. Although inequality is widening - esp between urban & rural.
                  1. More people are migrating to cities.
                2. Sustainable development
                  1. China hasn't switched to cleaner technology as it more expensive, lack of knowledge & lack of access
                    1. People & environmental groups can't criticise the govt.
                      1. Can only form in an educating capacity.
                      2. No environment analysis or data collection - can't tell what harm is occuring.
                    2. Because of its expansion (economically) & population=increase in energy use.
                      1. Causing prices to rise as suppliers try to meet the demands.
                        1. New electrical power plants powered by coal.
                          1. Coal/oil.
                              1. Relies on imports because of high usage.
                              2. Has no natural oil reserves - relies heavily on coal.
                                1. Emits the most greenhouse gases=80% co2.
                            1. Developing countries try to raise standards of living by industrialisation.
                              1. Perspectives of development.
                                1. Modernisation.
                                  1. Emerged in 1960's.
                                    1. Influenced by liberal economics - importance of free markets.
                                      1. Scientists & engineers came up with new ways to make life better - social change.
                                        1. Technology was seen to determine the shape of society.
                                          1. Also, modern attitudes & values were important for the success of development.
                                            1. Communicating ideas through mass media & openness to innovation.
                                        2. Marxism & dependency theory.
                                          1. Emphasised imperialism.
                                            1. Powerful capitalist countries exploit the less powerful for their own gain.
                                              1. Increase of industrialisation went hand-in-hand with increase of environment destruction.
                                          2. Post-development.
                                            1. Has a synergy to people-centred approach to development.
                                              1. Small-scale development goals in developing countries - which include local technology, environmental & socio-economic alternatives to modernisation & depency theories.
                                                1. People in the South should be free to live in harmony with the Earth - development does more harm than good.
                                                2. Importance of non-human life - sustainable development.
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