Twin studies with MZ and DZ, if
MZ more alike in aggression than
DZ assumes genetic link as MZ
share all genes, DZ only half
If positive correlation
between child and
biological parents
aggressive behaviour
suggests bio.
If positive correlation between
child and adoptive parent,
assumes environment not bio
MILES AND CAREY- studied
adoptive boys with criminal
convictions. many had bio
parents with criminal convictions
A02
Support...
MILES AND CAREY-
meta analysis 24 adoption,
found strong genetic and
environment in younger,
and strong genetic in older
individuals
RHEE- 51 adoption, strong
correlation of genetics and
aggression/antisocial behavior
However...
Mostly self-report. when
observattional, less correlation. so
method used has effect on findings
May be other factors
involved, eg age
PLOMIN- found no differnce in
correlation between MZ and DZ
Genes
A01
MAOA- gene that
regulates metabolism
of seratonin. low levels
= aggression. so may
be due to this gene
BRUNNER- violent Dutch family,
low levels of MAOA, faulty MAOA
gene so seratonin not regulated.
CASPI- two variants, one with high levels of
MAOA and one with low. low=more aggressive
ONLY if maltreated as child. assumes
environment is factor, not all genes
A02
Support...
YOUNG- rodents, eliminated a single gene,
the mutation showed to cause aggression.
can be seen in mice. Also exists in humans
but its function isnt known
However...
VALID? focuses on those
convicted of violence but only
represents minority. also,
murder is ONE violent act not
constantly aggressive
many genes which
contribute to behaviours
so hard to name just one.
also, may be due to SLT
and environment
BRENNAN- genetics significant in
case of petty not violent crimes
Violent Crimes
A01
Inherited temperment/ personality makes
people more likely to commit violence.
research shown clear evidence of genetics
and environment as high rates of criminal
violence when both bio and adoptive
parents are violent
A02
HOWEVER... ethics, labelling someone as a threat
based on genetics. as evidence isnt conclusive.
A03
CULTURE-
!kungsan tribe
ANIMAL- young,
generalisable?
SOCIALLY SENSITIVE- may
cause distress talking about crimes
commited or giving up child.
REAL LIFE- led to
genentic engineering
to prevent crimes.