Ionic Bonding

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge. Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell
metal atoms lose electrons to form positively charged ions
non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negatively charged ions
Metal atoms lose electrons from their outer shell when they form ions:
the ions are positive, because they have more protons than electrons
the ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas (group 0 element), with a full outer shell
For elements in groups 1, 2 and 3, the number of electrons lost is the same as the group number.
The outer shells of non-metal atoms gain electrons when they form ions:
the ions formed are negative, because they have more electrons than protons
the ions have electronic structure of a nobal gas (group 0 element) with a full outer shell
question Iodine is in group 7. What is the charge on its ions, and is the charge positive or negative?
1. answer The charge is negative, scince iodine ios a non metal. The charge on the ion is (8-7)=1.
Worked example Sulfur is in group 6 of the periodic table. What is the charge on its ions, and is the charge positive or negative? The charge is negative, since sulfur is a non-metal. The charge on the ion is (8 - 6) = 2

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	Created by Liam Lucas almost 7 years ago