Acute Renal Failure

Description

Mind Map on Acute Renal Failure, created by Group I on 25/03/2018.
Group I
Mind Map by Group I, updated more than 1 year ago
Group I
Created by Group I almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Acute Renal Failure
  1. Causes
    1. Preprenal
      1. Hypoperfnusion due to: 1-CHF 2-Renal artery stenosis 3-thrombosis 4-dehydration
        1. BUN/CR ratio >15 FEna <1% Urine osm >500nn
        2. Hypovolemic shock
        3. Renal
          1. 1-acute tubular necrosis
            1. Ischemic: Hypotension-shock-Renal vascular diseases.
              1. Nephrotoxic: Toxins (drugs-radigraphic contrast- mercury-Heamoglobinuria – myoglobinuria)
              2. 2-tubule-interstitial nephritis
                1. Infectious type. Mostly bacterial :"Pyelonephritis”
                  1. Non-infectious types: drugs (hypersensitivity), toxins, physical(obstruction), Multiple myeloma, immunologic, and vascular causes
                2. Postrenal
                  1. Obstruction below kidney’s level: 1-tumor 2-stones 3-prostate hypertrophy
                    1. Early stage *acute*: BUN/CR ratio >15 FEna <1% Urine osm >500
                      1. Chronic long term: BUN/CR ratio <15 FEna >2% Urine osm <500
                  2. Definition
                    1. a rapid decline in kidney function that can lead to long-term kidney damage and death. It is often preventable or reversible
                    2. Epidemiology
                      1. Affects 5-7% OF ALL HOSPITALISED PATIENTS 20-70% MORTALITY RATE
                      2. Signs & Symptoms
                        1. azotemia (High BUN/creatinine) Oliguria or polyuria Fluid retention (edema) Shortness of breath Fatigue and Confusion Seizures or coma Chest pain or pressure Foamy or bubbly urine
                          1. Can be Asymptomatic!
                          2. Investigations
                            1. Management
                              1. Hydration hyperkalemia Pulmonary edema Fluid retention Acidosis
                                1. Diuretics
                                    1. Tubular Reabsorption function
                                  1. Complications
                                    1. Fluid buildup Chest pain Muscle weakness Chronic Renal Failure
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