Chemical Bonding

Nobel Gases
1. all electrons are paired with opposite spins
2. outer shell contains 2 electrons- He and 8 electrons for all the others
  1. made up of 2 in the s-orbital and 2 in each of the p orbitals
3. inert
4. make up 1% of the air
  1. argon is most abundant
5. all, apart from radon, can be separated by fractional distillation of liquefied air
atoms combine so that each has eight electrons on their outer shell
1. unpaired electrons pair up by sharing or transferring electrons to form a chemical bond
2. Octet Rule
Ionic, Covalent, Metallic
1. Ionic Bonding
  1. occurs in compounds consisting of a metal and a non-metal
  2. electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom
    1. form oppositely charged ions that attract
  3. Ionic bonds
    1. between a non-metal and a metal
    2. electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal atom
      1. oppositely charged ions are formed, which are bonded together by electrostatic attraction
    3. is the electrostatic bond between oppositely charged ions
    4. Giant Ionic lattices
      1. each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions
      2. these ions attract each other from all directions, forming a latticr
      3. all ionic compounds exist as a giant ionic lattice in its solid state
2. Covalent Bonding
  1. In compounds that consist of 2 non-metals
    1. electrons are shared between the atoms
3. Metallic Bonding
  1. occurs in metal
    1. electrons are shared between all atoms

Resource summary

	Created by Lucy Youle about 10 years ago