Changing the way you learn

Cell Structure

Plasma membrane
1. trilaminar appearance
2. partially permeable
  1. controlling exchange between cell and environment
Nucleus
1. surrounded by 2 membranes
  1. nuclear envalope
2. nuclear pores
3. chromosomes
  1. literal meaning: coloured body
4. nucleolus
  1. manufactures ribosomes
  2. densly filled with protein
Mitochondria
1. cristae
  1. finger-like structure
2. matrix
3. surrounded by 2 membranes
  1. inner: folded membrane
4. later stage of aerobic respiration
Endoplasmic reticulum & ribosomes
1. continuous with the other membrane of the nuclear envelope
2. two types of ER
  1. smooth ER
  2. rough ER
    1. flattened sacs
    2. protein enters the sac
    3. protein processing
    4. small vesicles break off
      1. join to form golgi
3. ribosomes ~25nm
  1. RNA
    1. ribonuceic acid
  2. protein
    1. protein-synthesis
Golgi apparatus
1. stack of flattened sacs
  1. golgi vesicles
2. constantly being formed and budding off
3. collects, processes and sorts molecules
  1. E.g. addition of sugar to protein to make glycoprotein
Lysosome
1. spherical sacs
2. single membrane
3. 0.1 - 0.5um
4. contains hydrolytic enzymes
  1. breaks down unwanted structures
Microvilli
1. finger-like extensions of the cell surface membrane
  1. increases surface area
    1. absorbtion
2. found on epithelial cells
Centrioles
1. hollow protein cylinders
2. 0.4um
3. spindle fibre
4. formed by rings of short microtubules
  1. protein - tublin

Cell Structure

	Created by Alex Manktelow about 10 years ago