Seizures

Functional Localization of Cerebral Cortex
1. Occipital lobe
  1. 1ry visual area
  2. visual association areas
2. Temporal lobe
  1. vestibular area
  2. olfactory area
  3. facial recognition area
  4. primary and secondary auditory area
3. Parietal lobe
  1. somatosensory areas
  2. Gustatory area
4. frontal lobe
  1. primary motor area
  2. premotor area
  3. frontal eye field
  4. broca's area
Types
1. focal
  1. simple
  2. complex
2. generalized
  1. absence
  2. myoclonic
  3. tonic-clonic
  4. tonic
  5. clonic
  6. atonic
sign and symptoms
Seizure vs Epilepsy
1. Seizure is a single occurrence while epilepsy is defined as two or more unprovoked seizures
Pathophysiology
1. Decreased inhibition
2. Increased excitation
complications
1. brain injury
  1. physical injury
    1. todd's paresis
      1. death
pseudo seizures
1. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)
  1. origin
    1. psychologic origin and mainly caused by psychiatric diagnoses
diagnosis
1. 1ST INVESTIGATIONS TO ORDER
  1. LUMBER PUNCTURE
  2. toxicology screen
  3. head CT
  4. electrolyte panel
  5. Complete blood count (CBC)
  6. EEG
  7. Blood glucose
2. Single photon emission computed tomography
3. Positron emission tomography
Anti-seizure drugs
1. Partial seizures & Generalized tonic-clonic
  1. Block Na channels
    1. Lamotrigine
    2. Valproic acid
    3. Carbamazepine
    4. Phenytoin
  2. Increase GABA action
    1. Phenobarbital
2. Absence seizures
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. Valproate
  3. clonazepam
3. Status Epilepticus

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Seizures

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	Created by eslam ebrahim about 6 years ago