Headaches

Definition
1. pain in any region of the head. Headaches may occur on one or both sides of the head, be isolated to a certain location, radiate across the head from one point, or have a viselike quality.
2. Causes
  1. Primary
    1. Secondary
      1. Stroke
        Encephalitis
        Tumor
    2. Tension
      1. Cluster
        Migraine
Anatomy of the orbit
Visual pathway
1. Components
  1. Retina
    1. Optic nerve
      1. Optic chiasma
        Optic tract
        L.G.B
        Optic radiation
        Visual cortex
        Crossed homonymous hemianopia
        Crossed quadrentic inopia
        Crossed homonymous hemianopia
        Bitemporal hemianopia
      2. Hemianopia
Visual reflexes
1. Corneal reflex
  1. Light reflex
    1. Accommodation reflex
      1. Convergence
        Miosis
        Increased convexity of the lens
    2. Optic nerve
      1. Pretectal nucleus and Edinger westphal
        Oculomotor (short ciliary nerve)
  2. Afferent : Trigeminal
  3. Center : Pons
  4. Efferent : Facial
Diplopia
1. Monocular
  1. Cataract
    1. Ectopia lentes
2. Binocular
  1. Nerve palsy
    1. Multiple sclerosis
Eye examination
1. Visual acuity
  1. Visual field
    1. Visual neglect
      1. Fundoscopy
    2. Opthalmoscope
  2. Reflexes
2. Management
  1. Surgery
    1. Chemotherapy
      1. Radiotherapy
        Mascillinous
Investigations
1. CBC
  1. X-ray
    1. CT scan
      1. MRI
2. Brain tumors
  1. Astrocytoma
    1. Meningioma
      1. Ependymoma
        Oligodendrocytoma
        Medulloblastoma
    2. Diffused
    3. Anaplastic
    4. Pilocytic
    5. Glioblastoma multiform

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Headaches

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	Created by Fatima Alkhateeb about 6 years ago