Copy and Edit

Fatima was brought confused

Description

Mind Map on Fatima was brought confused, created by Alya Almualla on 03/03/2019.
Alya Almualla
Mind Map by Alya Almualla, updated more than 1 year ago
Alya Almualla
Created by Alya Almualla over 5 years ago
129
0
0

Resource summary

Fatima was brought confused
  1. Due to
    1. Diabetes
      1. Affect the Pancreas
        1. Normal structure
          1. Elongated, tapered organ
            2. Behind the stomach
              1. Parts
                1. Head "Right side"
                  1. Widest part
                    1. lies in the curve of the duodenum
                    2. Body "Tapered left side"
                      1. Tail "Near spleen"
                      2. 2 types of glands
                        1. Exocrine
                          1. Secretes digestive enzymes
                          2. Endocrine
                            1. Islets of Langerhans
                              1. Secretes hormones into the bloodstream
                                1. Type of islets
                                  1. Beta cells
                                    1. Insulin and Amylin
                                      1. Regulation of glucose
                                          1. Role of other hormones
                                          2. Carbohydrate, protein & fat metabolism in well fed state
                                              1. Normal range of calories intake
                                              2. Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis
                                            2. Alpha cells
                                              1. Glucagon
                                              2. Delta cells
                                                1. Somatostatin
                                                2. PP cells
                                                  1. Pancreatic polypeptide
                                                  2. Epsilon cells
                                                    1. Ghrelin
                                              4. Blood supply
                                                1. Head
                                                  1. Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
                                                    1. Branches of the gastroduodenal
                                                    3. Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
                                                      2. Venous drainage
                                                        1. Head of the pancreas
                                                          1. Into the superior mesenteric branches of the hepatic portal vein
                                                          2. The rest
                                                            1. Pancreatic veins via the splenic vein
                                                        2. Types "Classification"
                                                          1. Type 1
                                                            1. Immune mediated
                                                              1. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
                                                                1. Juvenile onset diabetes
                                                                  1. 5–10% of diabetes
                                                                    1. Cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of beta cells
                                                                      1. Strong association with HLA
                                                                        1. Etiology
                                                                          1. Genetic susceptibility
                                                                            1. Autoimmunity
                                                                              1. Evidence
                                                                                  1. Lymphocytic infiltration (Insulitis)
                                                                                    2. Other autoimmune diseases
                                                                                  2. Environmental factors
                                                                                    1. Virus infection
                                                                                      1. Islet cell injury
                                                                                        1. Molecular mimicry
                                                                                        2. Chemicals/Drugs
                                                                                      2. Pathogenesis
                                                                                        2. Autoantibodies
                                                                                          1. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase
                                                                                            1. Insulin
                                                                                              1. Tyrosine phosphatases IA-2
                                                                                                1. Zink transporter 8
                                                                                              2. Idiopathic
                                                                                                1. Strongly inherited
                                                                                                  1. Not associated with HLA
                                                                                                  2. LADA (1.5)
                                                                                                    1. Age (30-50)
                                                                                                      1. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies
                                                                                                    2. Gestational
                                                                                                      1. 5-10% of pregnant women
                                                                                                        1. Third trimester
                                                                                                          1. Disappears after delivery
                                                                                                            1. Greater risk of
                                                                                                            2. Monogenic
                                                                                                              1. MODY
                                                                                                                1. 15 forms
                                                                                                                  1. Age of 35
                                                                                                                    1. Autosomal dominant inheritance
                                                                                                                    2. Permanent Neonatal diabetes
                                                                                                                      1. Age of 6 months
                                                                                                                        1. Transient
                                                                                                                          1. Overexpression of genes
                                                                                                                          2. Permanent
                                                                                                                            1. Autosomal dominant mutations
                                                                                                                          3. Mitochondrial diabetes
                                                                                                                            1. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA
                                                                                                                              1. Commonest mutation is m.3243A>G
                                                                                                                                1. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness syndrome
                                                                                                                              2. Secondary
                                                                                                                                1. Pancreatic disease
                                                                                                                                  1. Endocrinopathies
                                                                                                                                    1. Drug induced
                                                                                                                                      1. Insulin action
                                                                                                                                        1. Genetics syndromes
                                                                                                                                          1. Infections
                                                                                                                                            1. Post transplantation
                                                                                                                                            2. Type 2
                                                                                                                                              1. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
                                                                                                                                                1. Types
                                                                                                                                                  1. Insulin resistance
                                                                                                                                                    1. Secretory defect
                                                                                                                                                      1. Both
                                                                                                                                                      2. Adult onset diabetes
                                                                                                                                                        1. 90-95% of diabetes
                                                                                                                                                          1. No autoimmune destruction of beta cells
                                                                                                                                                            1. Etiology
                                                                                                                                                              1. Genetic factors
                                                                                                                                                                1. Greater importance in type 2 in type 1
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Genetic defects may affect
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Beta Islet cells function
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Peripheral resistance
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Abnormal insulin secretion
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Progressive age-related loss of beta Islet cells function
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Amylin accumulation
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Insulin resistance
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reduced number of receptors
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Abnormally functioning receptors
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Post-receptor defects
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Environmental factors
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Obesity
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Physical inactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Psychosocial stress
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Diabetes people: 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Half of all deaths > High blood glucose > Before 70
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. UAE
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. IDF: in 2017, 17.3% of UAE population (Age 20-79) > Type 2 diabetes
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Over 1 million people living with diabetes in the UAE
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Prevalence: 15th worldwide
                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Clinical manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hyperglycemia
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Polyuria
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Diabetes insipidus
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diuretics Caffeine Ethanol
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Glucosuria
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Polyphagia
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Weight loss and muscle weakness
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (Types 1)
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Oxidation of the free FA
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Polydipsia
                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Investigations
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Blood test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fasting plasma glucose test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Random plasma glucose test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Glucose challenge test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Oral glucose tolerance test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Special tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. C-peptide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. GADA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. IA-2alpha and IA-2beta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. ICA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Other tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Urine test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. FBC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Urea and electrolytes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Liver function tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fasting lipid profile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. ECG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Thyroid tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Serum B12 and red cell folate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Coeliac auto-antibody screen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Glucometer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lifestyle modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Physical activity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Oral hypoglycemics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biguanides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Metformin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Decrease hepatic glucose production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Thiazolidinediones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rosiglitazone / Pioglitazone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Improve peripheral insulin sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Alpha-glucosidase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Acarbose / Miglitol
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Delay carbohydrate absorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Sulfonylureas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Glimepiride / Glipizide / Glyburide / Gliclazide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Short-acting insulinotropic agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Repaglinide / Nateglinide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exenatide / Liraglutide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Incretin mimetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. DPP-4 Inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sitagliptin / Saxagliptin / Linagliptin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Inhibit the enzyme DPP-4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Pramlintide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Delays gastric emptying / Suppresses glucagon secretion / Decreases appetite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Canagliflozin / Dapagliflozin / Empagliflozin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Causes glycosuria and lowers glucose levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Insulin therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bind insulin receptor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Liver "Increase glycogen storage"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Muscle "Increase protein synthesis"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fat "TG storage"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cell membrane "Increase K uptake"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Adverse effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hypoglycemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lipodystrophy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rare HSR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Weight gain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Pancreatic transplant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Managing the hypertension in diabtetes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. ACEi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. ARB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. CCB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Diuretic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Complications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Microvascular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Retinopathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Neuropathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diabetic foot disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Nephropathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Macrovascular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. CVD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Diabetic coma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hyper/hypoglycemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Psychosocial aspect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Adjustment disorder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lowered self-esteem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Diet non-adherence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Psychological burden "Obesity"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Media attachments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Show full summary Hide full summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Similar

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mathematics Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PatrickNoonan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Management Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    craigmag
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chris and Manuel - Girls' and Boys'Education - A Mind Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    manuel_deleon31851
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Sociology and Social policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    nasreen_946_
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Algebraic Fractions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Olivia McKenzie
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Futility Flashcards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    louisaodell
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Crime and Punishment Flashcards - Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies Unit 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    nicolalennon12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The Great Gatsby: Love
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Shani Casey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PSBD New Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Subarna GC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Study tips/hacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Sarah Biswas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Browse Library