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1766310
Gustation and Olfaction
Description
Psychology (Chapter Five: Sensation and Perception) Mind Map on Gustation and Olfaction, created by Karen Pura on 07/12/2014.
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psychology
psychology
chapter five: sensation and perception
Mind Map by
Karen Pura
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Karen Pura
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Gustation and Olfaction
Taste
four qualities
sweet
sour
bitter
salty
taste buds
chemical receptors concentrated along the edges and back surface of the tongue
umami increases sensitivity of other taste qualities
activated by proteins & monosodium glutamate
receptors are also found in the roof and back of the mouth
even people without a tongue can taste substances
hairlike structures project from the top of each cell into the taste pore (opening to the outside surface of the tongue)
when a substance is taken into the mouth, it interacts with saliva to form a chemical solution that flows into the taste pore
stimulates receptor cells
provides us with pleasure
has adaptive significance in discriminating between nutrients and toxins
newborns respond positively to sugar water and negatively to bitter substances
poisonous substances in nature have bitter tastes
hard wired into our physiology
sweet substances are more likely to occur in nutritious foods
Smell
receptors for smell are long cells that project through the lining of the upper part of the nasal cavity and into the mucous membrane
our ability to discriminate between odours is not well understood
most popular theory is that olfactory receptors recognize diverse odours individually rather than by mixing of receptors
olfactory receptors
have receptor structures that resemble neurotransmitter binding sites on neurons
any of potential odour molecules can lock into sites that are tailored to fit them
receptors that fire send their input to olfactory bulb
forebrain structure immediately above nasal cavity
each odorous chemical excites only a limited portion of the olfactory bulb
odours are apparently coded in terms of the specific area of the olfactory bulb that is excited
pheromones
chemical signals found in natural body scents
may affect human behaviour in subtle ways
no solid evidence to prove that pheromone substances make humans "sexually irresistable"
menstrual synchrony
tendency of women who live together or are close friends to become more similar in their menstrual cycle
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tongue-3.gif (image/gif)
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