nucleophillic substitution

Description

aqa as level chemistry unit 2
Pia Ricioppo
Mind Map by Pia Ricioppo, updated more than 1 year ago
Pia Ricioppo
Created by Pia Ricioppo almost 10 years ago
21
1

Resource summary

nucleophillic substitution
  1. theory
    1. as halogens have a greater electronegativity than crabon the c-halogen bond becomes POLAR so on one end its delta positive (electron defiencent) and on the other its delta negative (electron rich)
    2. nucleophiles
      1. they are electron pair donors (want to give away the electrons)
        1. possess atleast one lone pair of electrons
          1. doesnt have to possess a negative charge
            1. attracted to slightly postive carbons.
            2. key examples
              1. hydroxide ion;
                1. produces alchols
                  1. the reagent is aqueous sodium (potassium) hydroxide
                    1. conditions reflux.
                    2. cynaide
                      1. the reagent is aqueous potassium or sodium cynaide
                        1. the condition is refulx aq.
                          1. the product is a nitrile
                          2. ammonia
                            1. the reagent is aqueous ammonia
                              1. the conditions are aq (sealed tube)
                            2. defonitions
                              1. nucleophile; an electron pair donor
                                1. substitution; replacement of halogen with carbon
                                  1. hydrolysis; splitting up a molecule using water.
                                  2. key points;
                                    1. nucleophiles have a one pair of electrons
                                      1. carbons restricted to 8 electrons in outershell the bond must be disremoved or broke if more are bonded.
                                        1. c-halogen bond breaks heterolytically
                                          1. second curly arrow shows shared pair of electrons moving onto halogen
                                          2. the carbon halogen bond polar.
                                            1. the curly arrows drawn from from lone pair to carbon
                                              1. halogen has its own electrons aswell as carbon electrons and becomes a charged hallide.
                                            Show full summary Hide full summary

                                            Similar

                                            The Chemistry of the Haloalkanes
                                            Bee Brittain
                                            All the Countries of the World and their Capital Cities
                                            PatrickNoonan
                                            10 Basic English Questions - Quiz 1
                                            Leo JC
                                            Characteristics and Climate of a hot desert
                                            Adam Collinge
                                            Biology AQA 3.1.3 Cells
                                            evie.daines
                                            GCSE Chemistry C2 topic notes
                                            imogen.shiels
                                            GCSE AQA Chemistry - Unit 2
                                            James Jolliffe
                                            Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Cominform and Comecon
                                            Alina A
                                            The structure of the heart
                                            rachel_w
                                            DEV I Part I
                                            d owen
                                            Mapa Mental para Resumir y Conectar Ideas
                                            Ricardo Padilla Alcantara