245234
Rise of
Fascism
- Versailles
- treaty of
london 1915
- 'unredeemed italy' from austria...dalmatia
- 'unredeemed italy' from austria...dalmatia
- w. wilson dissmisal
of prev treaties
- Rapollo 1920 claim dropped
- Rapollo 1920 claim dropped
- war guilt clause231
- resentment
...benefits from
political 'Zeitgest'
- anger on germans =
dolchstoss+ 'nov crim'
- 'stab in the back' theory + 27tho
miles sq. borders
- 'stab in the back' theory + 27tho
miles sq. borders
- anger on germans =
dolchstoss+ 'nov crim'
- resentment
...benefits from
political 'Zeitgest'
- resentment
stirred by
benito...>
child bully
- WWII
- last battle
of wwi
- > mistakes of
versailles> rise of
fascism
- > mistakes of
versailles> rise of
fascism
- last battle
of wwi
- treaty of
london 1915
- Economies
- uncontrollable inflation
- prices 250%....
- middle
class
dissilution
- wages
+
pesions
wiped
out
- use of anger
- use of anger
- wages
+
pesions
wiped
out
- middle
class
dissilution
- unemployment
...returning
soldiers
- from
1914
prices
- x3 britain ...x5
germany.. 14,000
austria .. 23,000
hungary
- x3 britain ...x5
germany.. 14,000
austria .. 23,000
hungary
- reparations 6.6 billion
- keynes resigns commission
- republic cycle broken
- usa,,,germany...br,fr...usa
- 100 million annual > wallst crash
- usa,,,germany...br,fr...usa
- republic cycle broken
- keynes resigns commission
- political polarisation
= perfect climate for
rise
- uncontrollable inflation
- weak
democracies
- + communist threat = fascist support
- P.R. weak coalitionpart's...1919-22 ...x5 gov
- economical prrob not tackled
- economical prrob not tackled
- effective ' disenfranchisement ' ...poor illiterate south
- mafia power ..mobility
of democracy
- transformism
- secret pre el
talks
...corruption
- secret pre el
talks
...corruption
- coups
,...democracy
in trouble
1919 20 23
- + communist threat = fascist support
- Violence/ 'march on rome'
'22/ putch 23 lessons
- matteotti ' the
fascists
exposed'
kidnapp.murder
- > ' the responsibility of this is mine "
- public empathy
- public empathy
- > ' the responsibility of this is mine "
- king,,,vasalate
- attacked
tackle prob
or leave to
fascism
- gov min ...
pm....myth...not
force but
invitaion
- gov min ...
pm....myth...not
force but
invitaion
- attacked
tackle prob
or leave to
fascism
- aventine secession
...refused to come down
unless treated better ..anc
rome
- french ruhr> seize power ..force 8/nov/23 ...beer hall
- march on berlin I I "on rome"'
- 9mnt / 5yr ... judiciary
sympathy ( jobs for life )
dissilusioned
- play game of democracy " if outvoting them takes longer "
- hitler could
wait I I
mussolini 7
yrs dictator
- hitler could
wait I I
mussolini 7
yrs dictator
- matteotti ' the
fascists
exposed'
kidnapp.murder
- Weimar constitution , article 48 and hindenburg
- fascism took adv of
weaknesses of
democracy and weimar
constituion > rise in
power
- 1919-33 ..public saw it
as result of defeat of
temp gov...problems
rebellions , economic ,
divisions
- "14 years. a junkyard"
- 'Hunger Chancelor ' brunning .. '30...
powers for control in
emergency times....lack of
political skill
- >public
support for
extreme parties
- >public
support for
extreme parties
- von papen vs. von
schleicher...cabinet of
barons political dance
in and out
- papens close relations to hindenburg> hitler chancellor 30/01/33
- "we have hired him " disenchantment of papen
- fascism took adv of
weaknesses of
democracy and weimar
constituion > rise in
power
- Charisma and opportutnity
- fascism = perfect timing .. vulnerabilty to
promises ...italy relatively poor+ weak
- unemployement 1.3 to 6 milll....fail of democracy
- middle class struggle with
wages .... milan strikes
- weak gov's
wiemar
republic and
italian
economic
problems >
yearned for
leader
- "chauvenistic " but nationalism
- roman empire speeches " ressurection of the empire"
- third reich
- roman empire speeches " ressurection of the empire"
- magnetism / drawing
power photos hitler
beside
hindenburg...respect ,
mussolini cub ...
strength power
- fascism = perfect timing .. vulnerabilty to
promises ...italy relatively poor+ weak
- Communism
- revolts berlin vienna budapest
- 1917
revolutions
bolsheviks
- church
support anti
communist
..marxist form
of socialism
- wealthy class support merchants
bankers land owners agnelli -fiat ,
peroni -army ..germ n industrialist
thyssen + kirdorf
- fascism = perceived barrier
- scapegoats...
concentration
camps
..communists
and
socialists
- violence
- violence
- great fear ...defence min noske
...harshly put down spartacist rising
1919 and red ruhr army march
1920???? LENIENT
- revolts berlin vienna budapest
- PROPAGANDA
- DISTORTION OF TRUTH ... to influence public opinion
- "constantly repeating .. imprinting an idea onto the memory" hitler
- "constantly repeating .. imprinting an idea onto the memory" hitler
- education... contorion of past
- " to awaken pride in
their membership of the
german race" reich minister of education , dr. rust
- " to awaken pride in
their membership of the
german race" reich minister of education , dr. rust
- Goebbels ..master in
the art of
mirepresentation
...starace secretary of
fascist pty..pportrayed
as spirit of fascism ,
sportsman .office
light=> tilreless worker
for italy
- mussolini - journalism
- cencorship ... books burnt ,
newspapers closed down if
not promoting fascism
- public seduced + intoxicated = key element in rise
- DISTORTION OF TRUTH ... to influence public opinion
- Consolidation
of power
-electoral law
'23 &
enabling act
'33
- for. policy ..muss .. to gain territory &
status " nation hungry for land"
- bendong the truth ..eu
powers tricked ..lack of
inds resources
- bendong the truth ..eu
powers tricked ..lack of
inds resources
- acerbo law- pty avec most votes 2/3
seats ...passed in ending political instability
- 1924 ..65% fascist
party ..vote through
threats and violoence
- 23 march '33 ..full power for 4yr ...
- full scale policy of bullying and fear
- end of weimAR
republic =>
totalitarian ...no
opposition tolerated
- regulting every aspect of life
- regulting every aspect of life
- full scale policy of bullying and fear
- final steps to
ensure complete
power = success
- for. policy ..muss .. to gain territory &
status " nation hungry for land"
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