Oral
Pulmonary
Per Rectal
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Trnasfermal
Opthamalic
Subcutaneous
Relationships
Annotations:
1. Most Drugs are weak acid/bases
2. Most drugs are lipophilic
Cell Membrane
Annotations:
As usual, made up of phosphobilipid layer
Factors affecting drug access
Annotations:
Molecular size and shape
Degree of ionisation
Relative lipid solubility of the ionised and non-ionised forms
Bind affinity to receptor (membrane transport) proteins
Normally, uncharged ones are the ones that are usable due to the affinity to the lipophilic layer.
Extracellular concentration.
Methods of Traversal
Annotations:
Pinocytosis
Passive Diffusion
Filtration
Active Transport
Passive Membrane Transport
Annotations:
Ionization will affect and influence solublility and hence it is dependent on Ka and local pH
Degree of a drug becomes available to target tissue after administration
Proportion of the administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation intact