2535680
F324 All Reactions
- Alkanes
- Combustion
- Incomplete
- Forms CO/C + H2O
- Carbon monoxide
binds to
haemoglobin
irreversably so can
be toxic
- Carbon monoxide
binds to
haemoglobin
irreversably so can
be toxic
- Forms CO/C + H2O
- Complete
- Forms CO2 + H2O
- Forms CO2 + H2O
- As size of molecules
increase the more Van Der
Waals Forces there are so
they don't vaporise as easily
and so are harder to ignite
- Incomplete
- Halogenation
- R-CH3 + Cl2 --> R-CH2Cl + HCl
- R-CH3 + Cl2 --> R-CH2Cl + HCl
- Cracking
- Hydrocarbons are split in to
smaller more useful
molecules
- Hydrocarbons are split in to
smaller more useful
molecules
- Combustion
- Alkenes
- Hydrogenation
- Alkene + H2 --> Alkane
- 100%
Atom
Economy
- 100%
Atom
Economy
- Nickel
Catalyst
at 150˚c
- Alkene + H2 --> Alkane
- Halogenation
(Electrophilic
Addition)
- Alkene + Halogen --> Halogenoalkane
- Alkene + Halogen --> Halogenoalkane
- with Hydrogen Halides
- Reaction Rates
- HI
HBr
HCl
HF
- HI
HBr
HCl
HF
- Reaction Rates
- Hydrogenation
- Halogenoalkanes
- Nucleophili c Substitution
- Elimination
- with Ammonia
- Nucleophili c Substitution
- Alcohols
- Oxidation
- Primary
- Forms Aldehyde
- CH3CH2OH + [O] --> CH3CHO + H2O
- Further Oxidation
forms a Carboxylic
acud
- CH3CHO + [O] --> CH3COOH
- CH3CHO + [O] --> CH3COOH
- CH3CH2OH + [O] --> CH3CHO + H2O
- Forms Aldehyde
- Tertiary
- Do not oxidise as
no Hydrogen atoms
on the carbon to
set up the C=O
bond
- Do not oxidise as
no Hydrogen atoms
on the carbon to
set up the C=O
bond
- Secondary
- Forms a Ketone
- CH3CHOHCH3 + [O] --> CH3C=OCH3 + H2O
- CH3CHOHCH3 + [O] --> CH3C=OCH3 + H2O
- Forms a Ketone
- Reducing Agent: K2Cr2O7
- Cr₂O₇²- + 14H⁺ + 6e⁻ --> 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂o
- Primary: Green
Secondary : Green
Tertiary : Orange
- Cr₂O₇²- + 14H⁺ + 6e⁻ --> 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂o
- Primary
- Dehydration
- CH3CH2OH --> H2C=CH2 + H2O
- Reagants and COnditions:
Heated with excess conc
H3PO4 at 170℃
- CH3CH2OH --> H2C=CH2 + H2O
- with Sodium
- CH₃CH₂OH + 2Na --> 2CH₃CH₂O⁻Na⁺ + H₂
- CH₃CH₂OH + 2Na --> 2CH₃CH₂O⁻Na⁺ + H₂
- With Hydrogen Halides
- R-OH + HX --> R-X + H2O
- R-OH + HX --> R-X + H2O
- Oxidation
- Acid Anhydrides
- Esters
- Hydrolysis
- Acid
- Ester + H⁺ --> Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
- Reagants and
COnditions: Dilute
HCL heated under
reflux
- Ester + H⁺ --> Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
- Alkali
- Ester + OH⁻ --> Carboxylate salt + Alcohol
- Reagants and
Conditions: Dilute
NaOH heated
under reflux
- Ester + OH⁻ --> Carboxylate salt + Alcohol
- Polyesters
- Acid
- Hydrolysis
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Carboxylic Acids
- Amines
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.