2627397
Description
Mind Map by Grace Feakes, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Grace Feakes
over 9 years ago
|
|
Positivism
- Individual Positivism
- Emergence of New
Knowledge
- Jean Etienne Esquirol
- Homicidal monomania
(obsession with murder)
- Monomania - people with this
aren't idiots, they just lack
empathy and solidarity
- Criticised for being an excuse for committing
crimes - blaming mental illness for actions
- Crime as an illness
- Crime as an illness
- Monomania - people with this
aren't idiots, they just lack
empathy and solidarity
- Homicidal monomania
(obsession with murder)
- French Revolution -
challenging classicism's
authority in criminal
courts
- Pinel questioned why
state has such power over
who is to live or die
- Formulated a
science of mental
illness
- Formulated a
science of mental
illness
- Pinel questioned why
state has such power over
who is to live or die
- Jean Etienne Esquirol
- Theorists
- Lombroso
- Responsible for emergence
of criminology
- Atavism
(biological)
- The idea that criminals revert to
their more primitive ancestral type
i.e. their minds haven't fully
developed, its all down to
individual's genetic makeup
- Throwback
- The idea that criminals revert to
their more primitive ancestral type
i.e. their minds haven't fully
developed, its all down to
individual's genetic makeup
- Concluded that the criminal existed as a
lower form of human evolution than the
average man
- Responsible for emergence
of criminology
- Galton
- Fingerprinting
- Composite photos
- Fingerprinting
- Hegel (1807)
- Physical stigmata
- Physiognomy =
assessing someone's
character based on
their facial features
- Phrenology =
measuring human
skulls
- Physiognomy =
assessing someone's
character based on
their facial features
- Physical stigmata
- Foucault (2001)
- Monstrous murderer
- Monstrous murderer
- Lombroso
- Body types and
crime
(somatotypes)
- Endomorphs
- Heavy, soft/round build,
extravert personality
- Heavy, soft/round build,
extravert personality
- Mesomorphs
- Muscular,
athletic build, aggressive
personality
- Muscular,
athletic build, aggressive
personality
- Ectomorphs
- Small, lean, delicate/weak
build, introverted personality
- Small, lean, delicate/weak
build, introverted personality
- Most people posses parts
of all three (hybrids)
- Endomorphs
- Genetic
transmission
theories
- 1920s twin
studies
- Studying links between
testosterone and
aggression
- 1920s twin
studies
- Useful quotes
- "Lunatics and criminals are as
manufactured articles as are
steam-engines and calico printing
machines" - Maudsley 1874
- Criminals are produced by society
and biologically into acting in
certain ways
- Criminals are produced by society
and biologically into acting in
certain ways
- "Whoever fights monster
should see to it that in the
process he does not become a
monster" - Nietzsche 1966
- Society aims to capture
criminals, but in turn must
avoided becoming criminalised
- Society aims to capture
criminals, but in turn must
avoided becoming criminalised
- "Lunatics and criminals are as
manufactured articles as are
steam-engines and calico printing
machines" - Maudsley 1874
- Emergence of New
Knowledge
- Sociological Positivism
- The Chicago School
- e.g. of direct hands on
observation
- A school studying the
sociology/criminology of
the city its in!
- 100 years prior to
study, Chicago was a
flat prairie
- Academics no longer relate
their interest to their
environment as much
- 100 years prior to
study, Chicago was a
flat prairie
- e.g. of direct hands on
observation
- Robert Park: Human Ecology
- Pragnitism
- Knowledge being transaction
between person who wants to
know something and the
environment they want to know
things about
- Knowledge being transaction
between person who wants to
know something and the
environment they want to know
things about
- Formalism
- The way we think/interact is
determined by broader social
structures
- The way we think/interact is
determined by broader social
structures
- Cities as super organisms;
fusions of subpopulations
- Pragnitism
- The Chicago School
- Criminological positivism
- Early C19th
- Unity of scientific method -
adoption from natural
sciences
- Characteristics
- Focus on
the criminal
not the
crime
- Emphasis on social
defence and treatment
rather than punishment
- Focus on
the criminal
not the
crime
- Emergence
of positivist
crminology
- Expansion of sciences and technology
- Freud
- Id
- Having no
control over oneself
- Pressures/expectations
of society
- Pressures/expectations
of society
- Having no
control over oneself
- Super ego
- Already feeling guilty
before committing a
crime
- Offenders offending to
relieve the guilt they
already have
- Offenders offending to
relieve the guilt they
already have
- Already feeling guilty
before committing a
crime
- Id
- The Italian School
- Founded at end of C19th
by Lombroso (1835–1909)
and two of his Italian
disciples, Ferri (1856–1929)
and Garofalo (1851–1934)
- Lombroso's conception of the
"atavistic born criminal"
- Typology of criminals
- Differentiation of criminals
into separate 'types'
- Born criminals
- Those with true
atavist features
- Those with true
atavist features
- Insane criminals
- e.g. alcoholics, idiots,
epileptics etc.
- Open to more
psychological
explanations
- e.g. alcoholics, idiots,
epileptics etc.
- Criminaloids
- Crimes were explained largely
by opportunity
- Crimes were explained largely
by opportunity
- Epileptic criminals
- Passion to commit crime
because of humour, love or
anger
- Propelled by irresistible force
- Propelled by irresistible force
- Passion to commit crime
because of humour, love or
anger
- Born criminals
- Differentiation of criminals
into separate 'types'
- Founded at end of C19th
by Lombroso (1835–1909)
and two of his Italian
disciples, Ferri (1856–1929)
and Garofalo (1851–1934)
- Expansion of sciences and technology
- Early C19th
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.