theorizing media and globalization(Mediagraphy by Terhi Rantanen)

1. defination
   1. Giddens : a most neutral defination

      Annotations:

      • globalization as the intensification of world-wide social relations, which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa
   2. Thompson:focus more on MC

      Annotations:

      • Globalization... refers to the growing interconnectedness of different parts of the world, a process which gives rise to complex forms of interaction and interdependency
   3. Robertson: the intensification of the world as a whole

      Annotations:

      • Globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole
   4. Water

      Annotations:

      • Globalization is a social process in which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arranegements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding
   5. Albrow:homogenization

      Annotations:

      • Globalization refers to all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society
2. mediated globalization
   1. mediation

      Annotations:

      • Defined by Williams as an 'active' process of relations between 'different kinds of being and consciousness' which are inevitably mediated Lo argues that we should consider the media as the constituting part of the medation process
   2. Rantanen's definition on globalization

      Annotations:

      • taking the role of MC into globalization: “Globalization is a process in which worldwide economic, political, cultural and social relations have become increasingly mediated across time and space.” Terhi narrow down the definition. 
   3. Thompson's three types of interaction

      Annotations:

      • globalization changes forms of interaction The development of new media and communications does not consist simply in the establishment of new networks for the transmission of information between individuals whose basic social relationship remains intact. Rather, the development of face-to-face interaction which has prevailed for most of human history.
      1. face to face interaction

         Annotations:

         • in a contect of co-presence dialogical in character two-way flow multiplicity of symbolic cues
      2. mediated interaction

         Annotations:

         • letters and telephone conversations stretch across time and space
      3. mediated quasi-interaction

         Annotations:

         • 是两者结合  symbolic forms are prodeced for an indefinite range of potential recipients monological in character,  the flow of communication is predominantly one-way
   4. Thomlinson

      Annotations:

      • globalization changes experience talks about the difference in global&local experience the media audience remians an audience rather than a community
      1. in the terms of scale
      2. mass-mediated experience with local&global community
      3. the nature of mass-mediated communication
   5. Giddens:distanciation

      Annotations:

      • Globalization changes people's social relations locales are thoroughly penetrated by and shaped in terms of social influence quite distant from them. What structures the locale is not simply that which is present on the scene; the 'visible' form of the locale conceals the distanciated relations, which determines it nature 
3. three phases of globalization

   Annotations:

   • This book focused on the key role played by media and communications, how it functions in political , economic and cultural globalization
   1. Giddens
      1. 1.witnessed a debate on whether globalization actually exist at all
      2. 2.what is the consequences of globalization
      3. the response necessary to address the negative consequences of globalization
   2. Water
      1. Political , economic and cultural

         Annotations:

         • 忽视了其他学者对于文化全球化的贡献
   3. Rantanen

      Annotations:

      • the consequences have already been embedded in almost every
   4. Held et al.

      Annotations:

      • provide a framework for quantitative and qualitative basis: 1. the extensity of global networks 2.the intensity of global interconnectedness 3. the velocity of global flows 4. the impact propensity of global interconnectedness
      1. hyperglobalizers

         Annotations:

         • Ohmae 1995  predict the end of traditional national states
      2. sceptics

         Annotations:

         • Hirst and Thompson(1996) globalization is a myth, and that it is only about a heightened level of national economies
      3. transformalists

         Annotations:

         • Giddens 1990 and Castells 1996 globalization" is a central driving force behind the rapid social,political and economic changes that are reshaping modern societies and world order"

Annotations:

• 美国人不注重people globalization study不注重media 文化研究只注重在一个特定location的人而不注重media

1. introduction
   1. Appadurai

      Annotations:

      • ethnoscape mediascape technoscape financescape ideoscape
      1. multi-sited ethnographic

         Annotations:

         • individuals and thire media use
   2. Beck

      Annotations:

      • the globalization of biography goes beyond nationality
2. 材料和方法
   1. materials

      Annotations:

      • oral tradition(memories, family histories) biographies behavior  photography and moments
   2. method

      Annotations:

      • historical research, interviewing self-and comparative introspection reflexive ethnography self-and comparative reflection
   3. Burawoy 研究注意事项

      Annotations:

      • 1. the extension of the observer into the world of the participant 2.the extension of observations over time and space 3. the extension from micro-processes to macro-forces 4. the extension of theory
   4. case

      Annotations:

      • 三组人，四代人 恰好都在伦敦。。。

1. media studies in Europe

   Annotations:

   • 1970s British media on the role of media institutions in the process of globalization
   1. Boyd-Barrett and Sparks

      Annotations:

      • globalization is "a flawed conceptual tool" the global public sphere should be replaced by the term imperialist, private sphere
   2. cultural studies

      Annotations:

      • consider the whole process of communication as a cultural process 强调culture, role of people, neglect media
   3. Lull

      Annotations:

      • globalization is best considered a complex set if interacting and often countervailing human, material , and symbolic flows that lead to diverse, heterogeneous cultural positionings and practices, which persistently and variously modify established sectors of social, political and cultural power
2. international and intercultural study in US

   Annotations:

   • 1950s rather than global media
   1. First generation of scholars: International communication as international relations
      1. McLuhan

         Annotations:

         • medium is the message global village
      2. Mowlana

         Annotations:

         • 1.They have a power-driven notion of international relations which is either political or economic or both 2.They believe in the notion of nation-state as a 'political' state 3. They make communication and cultural factors subservient to political,economic and technological superstructure 4. They tend to classify international relations with natural and biological science 5.They tend to measure what is measurable, observable and tangible.
      3. Merrill and Fischer

         Annotations:

         • define the five areas of communication  1. the theory of international communication, 2. a descriptive-comparative approach 3. the role of mass media in national department 4. the methods of international news reporting 5.intergovernmental and financial international communication international communication were in the relations between national governments and international organizations
   2. second generation: imbalance in this relationship

      Annotations:

      • both of them neglect how people use media
      1. Asante and Gudykunst

         Annotations:

         • Intercultural communication includes "interpersonal communication between members of different cultures, races and ethnic groups"

Annotations:

• The role of media and communications is often reduced either to an exclusively and self-evidently technological one, or to individuals' experiences that are unconnected to the media industries the role of this book: to show the pivotal role played by the media in the process of globalization