B1 cells - chromosomes and mitosis

Description

GCSE Core Science Mind Map on B1 cells - chromosomes and mitosis, created by Flo Sumpter on 13/04/2021.
Flo Sumpter
Mind Map by Flo Sumpter, updated more than 1 year ago
Flo Sumpter
Created by Flo Sumpter over 3 years ago
6
0

Resource summary

B1 cells - chromosomes and mitosis
  1. chromosomes contain genetic information
    1. most cells in the body have a nucleus. The nucleus contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes
      1. chromosomes are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules.
        1. each chromosomes carries a large number of genes. Different genes control the development of different characteristics.
          1. body cells normally have 2 copies of each chromosomes
            1. one from the organism's 'mother'
              1. one from the organisms 'father'
                1. so humans have 2 copies of chromosome 1 and 2 copies of chromosome 2
                2. humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
                3. the cell cycle makes new cells for growth, development and repair
                  1. body cells in multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells as part of a series of stages called the cell cycle
                    1. the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides is called mitosis
                      1. multicellular organisms use mitosis to grow or replace cells that have been damaged
                        1. the end of the cell cycle results in 2 new identical daughter cells, with the same number of chromosomes
                        2. growth and DNA replication
                          1. in a cell that's not dividing, the DNA is all spread out in long strings.
                            1. Before it divides, the cell has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes
                              1. it then duplicates its DNA - so there's one copy for each new cell. The DNA is copied and forms X - shaped chromosomes. each 'arm' of the chromosome is an exact duplicate of the other.
                              2. mitosis
                                1. once its contents and DNA have been copied the cell is ready for mitosis
                                  1. the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart.
                                    1. the 2 arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell
                                    2. membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes.
                                      1. these become the new nuclei of the 2 new cells - the nucleus has divided
                                      2. lastly, the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.
                                        1. the cell has now produced 2 new identical daughter cells. The daughter cells contain exactly the same DNA - they're identical. Their DNA is also identical to the parent cell.
                                      Show full summary Hide full summary

                                      Similar

                                      Biology- Fighting Disease
                                      lizgracedaisy
                                      C1:Making Crude Oil Useful (Science-GCSE)
                                      Temi Onas
                                      The Big Bang
                                      I Turner
                                      P.1 The Solar System (flashcards)
                                      benadyl10
                                      Core science - Physics
                                      Annie.E
                                      B1 Topic 1 Edexcel
                                      Princess Terin
                                      Cloning (Flashcards)
                                      Katie G
                                      P1 Topic 1 Edexcel
                                      Princess Terin
                                      Limestone (Flashcards)
                                      Katie G
                                      B1 Topic 2 Edexcel
                                      Princess Terin
                                      C1 Topic 1 edexcel
                                      Princess Terin