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3318153
P1
Description
physics module one mind map
No tags specified
the solar system
the universe
the big bang
science
physics
gsce
Mind Map by
Lisa Cracknell
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Lisa Cracknell
almost 9 years ago
12
0
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Resource summary
P1
The solar system
Centre= Sun
Eight planets= MVEMJSUN
Asteroids= irregular lumps or rock
Comets= small objects of rock and ice (have elongated orbits around the sun.
Dwarf planets= spherical lumps of rock
The universe
We can only see stars as they were in the past
One light year= 9.5 million million km
Light travels through a vacuum at 300000 km/s
Distance to stars
Brightness
Same real brightness doesn't = same relative brightness
Further away= smaller relative brightness
Negatives
Need to know the distance of one the stars
Only works if have same real brightness
Dust, rain, clouds, light pollution
Parallax
As earth orbits close stars move slightly against fixed background
However, can only be used of nearby stars
Expanding universe
Redshift
Redshift is the light coming from distant galaxies
As galaxies move away, the wavelength increases
Most galaxies appear to be moving away from us
further away from earth a galaxy is, thefaster it is moving away from us
Fusion of elements in stars
Nuclear fusion= only at high densities and temp
hydrogen nuclei hit each other so hard= helium= lots of energy= nuclear fusion
This is how all chemical elements with atoms heavier than helium were made
These elements spread through space when stars explode
Stars end their lives as a supernova
Massive explosion
Where all the different chemical elements are made
The changing earth
breaks in earths crust= new volcanoes& mountains
Sediments crushed together= sedimentary rock (formed in seas)
Collisions between different parts of the crust= mountains
Rocks provide evidence for this
P1
The big bang
detection of cosmic background radiation= evidence
Sun= 5000 million years ago
Earth= 4500 million years ago
Universe expanded rapidly from single point 14000 million years ago
Continental drift
Alfred Wegener 1915
Millions of year ago= one land mass
Then it split into continents which drifted apart
Continents move because they sit on mantle
The rocks move slowly by convection currents
Based on the way the all fit
And that similar fossils and rocks were found of continents now separated by oceans
Oceanic ridges
Form when sea spreads and liquid rock fills gap
This rock is magnetised by earths field
Each time earths field reverses, it is shown in the rock
The seafloor increases by cm's/year= seafloor spreading
Tectonic plates
Volcanic mountains= one tectonic plate forced under another
Earths crust has solid tectonic plates
Meet at plate boundaries
Fold mountains= when 2 tectonic plates meet head on
Earthquakes form= when they slide past each other
Seismic waves
S-waves= move slowly through solid
Can use these to work out the structure of the earth
Formed when two plates move suddenly
P-waves= move quickly through solids and liquids
seismometers record them
Structure of the earth
Mantle= solid rock
Outer core= liquid nickel and iron
Inner core= solid nickel and iron
Mantle= semi-liquid rock
Waves
Transfers energy away from a vibrating sorce
Wavelength= distance between each peak
Wave speed= FxWL
Higher the frequency the shorter the wave length
Frequency= Number of vibrations in one second
Amplitude= maximum height of the wave
Unit of frequency is hertz (Hz)
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