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A child with a stiff neck

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Mind Map on A child with a stiff neck, created by Rahaf Fouad on 13/09/2021.
Rahaf Fouad
Mind Map by Rahaf Fouad, updated more than 1 year ago
Rahaf Fouad
Created by Rahaf Fouad almost 3 years ago
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Resource summary

A child with a stiff neck
  1. Anatomy
    1. skull
      1. meninges
        1. ventricular system
          1. is a set of four interconnected cavities known as cerebral ventricles in the brain
            1. Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus
              1. which produces the circulating
                1. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
                  1. CSF INTERPRETATION
                    1. WBC LEVELS
                      1. Increased
                        1. polymorphs (nuetrophils)
                          1. lymphocytes
          2. meningitis
            1. is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
              1. infectious
                1. bacterial
                  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
                    1. Neisseria meningitidis
                      1. Haemophilus influenzae
                        1. Listeria monocytogenes
                        2. viral
                          1. Enterovirus
                            1. Echovirus
                            2. fungal
                              1. mostly affects people with immune deficiencies
                            3. non-infectious
                              1. due to injury \cancer\drugs
                              2. signs & symptoms
                                1. headache
                                  1. fever
                                    1. neck stiffness
                                      1. photophobia
                                        1. vomiting
                                          1. physiology of vomiting
                                            1. Types
                                              1. projectile
                                                1. gastric outlet obstruction
                                                2. non-projectile
                                            2. Investigation
                                              1. physical examination
                                                1. Kernig's sign
                                                  1. brudzinski sign
                                                  2. lumbar puncture
                                                    1. Is where a thin needle is inserted between the bones in the lower spine.
                                                      1. in infants : L4-L5 interspace
                                                        1. on adult : L3-L4 interspace
                                                        2. indications
                                                          1. diagnostic
                                                            1. therapeutic
                                                              1. anesthetic
                                                              2. contraindication
                                                                1. increased intercranial pressure
                                                                  1. skin infections at the level of insertion
                                                                  2. complications
                                                                    1. back pain
                                                                      1. hemorrhage
                                                                  3. Management
                                                                    1. Newborn
                                                                      1. Ampicillin + 3ed generation cephalosporin + aminoglycoside
                                                                      2. Adult
                                                                        1. Vancomycin + 3ed generation cephalosporin
                                                                        2. Elderly
                                                                          1. Ampicillin + Vancomycin + 3ed generation cephalosporin
                                                                      3. isolation methods
                                                                        1. there are three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions
                                                                          1. Airborne Precautions
                                                                            1. Droplet Precautions
                                                                              1. Contact Precautions

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