3468480
Description
Mind Map by Hoa Truong, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hoa Truong
about 9 years ago
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ROCK PROPERTIES
- RESERVOIR
- porous geological formation
- pore space water+HC
- eg: limestone,
sandstone,
dolomite
- behavior determined by
- gravitational
force (density)
- capillary force (fluid climb up surface)
- gravitational
force (density)
- requires a porous media
- porous geological formation
- Tests
- routine core analysis
- Poro, Permea, saturation
- Poro, Permea, saturation
- special tests
- press, wettability,tension
- press, wettability,tension
- routine core analysis
- POROSITY
- ratio of pore
space:bulk volume
- good reser. :15-20%
poro. Poor: 5-10%
- good reser. :15-20%
poro. Poor: 5-10%
- Types
- Primary (deposition)
- Secondary (changes:
faults, fracture, cement)
- Primary (deposition)
- Cal.
- HC porosity
- Total/absolute poro
- Effective Poro
- only inter-connected
pore (not incl.
trapped pore)
- only inter-connected
pore (not incl.
trapped pore)
- HC porosity
- Influenced by
- large grain size/shape/ narrow dist.
(same size grains) (inc.)
- sorting & angularity packing (inc.)
- compaction (press, depth) decre.
- chemical sol (decrease), fracturing (inc.)
- large grain size/shape/ narrow dist.
(same size grains) (inc.)
- Measured by
- core scale
- effective
poro: fluid
inject, extract
mass
- weight method
- Helium Porosimeter (press)
- effective
poro: fluid
inject, extract
mass
- log
- >difficult,$$$,
usually run to
measure
many
properties at
once
- >difficult,$$$,
usually run to
measure
many
properties at
once
- Production
performance
- data from
reser.
production
over years
- data from
reser.
production
over years
- core scale
- define rock ability to
store fluid, void fraction
- produce
ISO-POROSITY
map of reser.
- ratio of pore
space:bulk volume
- CONSOLIDATED (lose grain) vs. UNCONSOLIDATED
(cement/chemical stick rock together)
- Gravel, sand, silt, clay
vs. basalt, shale,
lime/sandstone
- Gravel, sand, silt, clay
vs. basalt, shale,
lime/sandstone
- FLUID SATURATION
- fraction of pore vol. occupied by that fluid
- during production S(oil/gas) decr., S(water) inc.
- fraction of pore vol. occupied by that fluid
- PEMEABILITY - HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
- absolute permea
- capacity to transport
fluid through pores
- large regular grains (decr.
SA, friction) inc. pemea
- exist of another phase,
clay/cement form. decr. pemea
- fracture readily incr. pemea
- KLINKENBERG effect variate pemea
- capacity to transport
fluid through pores
- CONVENTIONAL
(sandstone->gravel)
- UNCONVENTIONAL (shale)
- PARAMETERS
- Average velocity (discharge Q)
- Interstitial velocity (linear v or pore v)
- Hydraulic gradient: ratio change height:length of sand pack
- Potential gradient: ratio change poro: length of sand pack
- Average velocity (discharge Q)
- measured by: Core flood test
(inject fluid), well test (cal.
from flow, press)
- absolute permea
- a rock property independent of position within porous medium
- HOMOGENOUS medium
- HOMOGENOUS medium
- a rock property independent of direction within porous medium
- ISOTROPIC medium
- ISOTROPIC medium
- a rock property vary at a point of porous medium
- ANISOTROPIC medium
- ANISOTROPIC medium
- COMPRESSIBILITY
- change in vol. (rock,
pore, fluid) in press
- during production: press decr.-
rock bulk vol. decr.- grains
expand -pore vol. decr. (poro)
- Formation compressibility
- equal to pore compressibility
- equal to pore compressibility
- change in vol. (rock,
pore, fluid) in press
- RESISTIVITY
- electrical properties
- depend on void, fluid type, salinity,
temp, poro, pore geometry, form.
stress, rock composition
- electrical properties
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