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3515199
Acidic Environment
Description
Mind Map on Acidic Environment, created by Vicky Papadopoulos on 20/09/2015.
Mind Map by
Vicky Papadopoulos
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Vicky Papadopoulos
almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Acidic Environment
1. Indicators
Classification of common substances
Litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange & bromothymol blue
Everyday uses of indicators
Range of colour changes
EXPERIMENT: Prepare & test a natural indicator
EXPERIMENT: Classifying household substances
2. Acidic Oxides
Oxides of non-metals acting as acids
Position of acidic/basic oxides in Periodic Table
Le Chatelier's principle
Factors which affect equilibrium
Solubility of carbon dioxide in water
Natural & industrial sources of SO2 and NOx
Environmental impact
Evidence of increase in acidic oxides in the atmosphere
Calculating volume of gases
EXPERIMENT: Decarbonating soft drink
Formation & effects of acid rain
3. Acids occur everywhere
Acids = proton donors + ionisation of acids in water
Acetic, citric, HCl & sulfuric acid
Use of pH scale
Calculating pH
EXPERIMENT: Use of pH meters
Strengths of equal concentrations of acids in terms of degree of ionisation
EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH
Difference between strong & weak acid
Use of acids as food additives
Naturally occurring acids & bases
4. History of acids
Lavoisier, Davy & Arrhenius
Bronsted-Lowry theory
Conjugate acids & bases
Salts which form acidic, basic or neutral solutions
EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH of salt solutions
Amphiprotic substances
Neutralisation = exothermic reaction
Correct technique for titrations
EXPERIMENT: Titrations + Preparing standard solutions
Effect of buffers
Use of neutralisation reactions as a safety measure
5. Esterification
Functional groups of alkanol & alkanoic acids
Difference in m.p. & b.p. of alkanols & alkanoic acids
Esterification = reaction between an acid & alkanol
EXPERIMENT: Prepare an ester
Purpose of using acid as a catalyst
Need for refluxing
Examples of occurrence, production & uses of esters
Uses of esters as flavours & perfumes
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