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362089
X-rays
Description
GCSE Science (Physics) Mind Map on X-rays, created by Elizabeth W on 15/11/2013.
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physics
science
science
physics
gcse
Mind Map by
Elizabeth W
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Elizabeth W
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
X-rays
Properties
Part of the electromagnetic Spectrum
Have short wavelengths
High frequency
High energy
Are transverse waves
Cause ionisation
add or remove elctrons
Affect photographic film
Turn it black
Are absorbed by metal and bone
Transmitted by healthy body tissue
Are useful for medical diagnosis and treatment
Imaging
Photographic film
Used in medical imaging
Bone fractures
dental problems
Are transmitted through the body
But are absorbed by bone
White photographic film used in old X-ray machines
Film turns black where x-rays hit it
Stays white where the bones are
CCD's
Charged-Coupled Device
Modern X-rays use these
Images are formed electronically
Can be recorded and stored easily
CT scans
Gives a 3-D image
Takes multiple images from different angles and puts them together
Computerised tomography
Image can be manipulated to see certain strucutres
Gives doctors lots of insight into problems
Ionising effects
Can damage DNA in cells
Most damaging to actively dividing cells
Cancer treatment
Where cells divide uncontrollably
Due to damaged DNA
Forms tumours
Direct high-energy x-rays at the tumours
Causes lots of damage to cancerous cells
Radiotherapy
Low doses cause cancer
High doses kill cancer
Precautions
Can only have a limited number of X-rays
So they aren't exposed to too much radiation
X-ray machines produce low energy x-rays
Reduces risk of them damaging human tissue
Hospital staff are at an elevated risk
X-ray rooms are sheilded
Have lead built into walls
Have warning signs outside X-ray rooms
Radiographers
Have to routinely leave the room
Stand behind a screen containing lead
Wear lead aprons
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