Plant Cell

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• A rigid structure. Unlike the cell membrane, though, the cell wall lets proteins in based on size rather than consistency. Made up of cellulose fibers.  Semi-permeable. 

1. Cytoplasm

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   • The jelly-like substance in the cell where everything's just sort of floating. 
   1. Cytoskeleton

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      • A security network of microtubules and microfilaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm.
      1. Microtubules

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         • These are small, hollow cylinders that maintain the shape of the cell. They are controlled by the MTOC (Microtubule Organizing Centre), and they act like a track for proteins to travel along.
      2. Actin Filaments

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         • Extremely long and thin fibers that are like doubled filaments arranged in a helical pattern. They anchor the organelles and are partially responsible for cell movements.
      3. Intermediate Filaments

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         • They form in between the Actin filaments and the Microtubules. They are responsible for the flexibility strength of skin cells. 
   2. Nucleus

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      • The Nucleus is the library of the cell. It contains all the DNA, as well as the rRNA (in the Nucleolus). They synthesize DNA and rRNA. 
      1. Ribosomes

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         • Made from rRNA and proteins. They joined with proteins and transported themselves over to the cytoplasm and to the E.R. for their final assembly. 
         1. Endoplasmic Reticulum

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            • The Endoplasmic Reticulum is the first stop for proteins to get identified and synthesized. They travel through the inner cavity to the Golgi Apparatus to be further modified. 
            1. Golgi Apparatus

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               • The Golgi Apparatus modifies and synthesizes proteins and lipids so they have specific functions within the cell. It also sends secretory vesicles to the cell wall/membrane to give strength to it.
               1. Lysosomes

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                  • The Suicide Squad. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down other cells. To do so, however, they basically explode into the cytoplasm and "die". 
            2. Smooth E.R.

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               • Synthesizes lipids and they detoxify substances with peroxisomes.
            3. Rough E.R.

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               • Protein synthesis occurs here.