null
US
Sign In
Sign Up for Free
Sign Up
We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. Please read our
terms and conditions
for more information.
Next up
Copy and Edit
You need to log in to complete this action!
Register for Free
3904452
PAIN
Description
Pain
No tags specified
pain
psy2ach
abnormal psychology
gate theory
fordyce aspects of pain
chronic pain
psychology
pain management
biopsychology
psy2ach
2
Mind Map by
zoe_whitwell
, updated more than 1 year ago
More
Less
Created by
zoe_whitwell
almost 9 years ago
254
8
0
Resource summary
PAIN
DEFINITION: an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such
Acute: normal response to trauma
Recurrent: intense episodes interspersed with no pain (benign)
Chronic (non-cancer): constant daily pain for 3+ months
Chronic pain problems
Chronic Treatment Trap
Chronic Medication Trap
"Take it easy" trap
Chronic Resentment Trap
Sub-acute: transition from acute to chronic
Chronic progressive pain: increases in unison with underlying condition
Pathophysiology
Categorisation
Nociception: pain arising from actual or threatened tissue damage
Neuropathic pain: may be caused by a dysfunction in the CNS or PNS, frequently involves spontaneous pain in the absence of identifiable stimuli
Neural Mechanisms
A-delta fibres: small, myelinated; transmit fast sharp pain messages
Enter spine at dorsal horn; project to thalamus and sensory areas of cortex
C-fibres: large, unmyelinated; transmit aching, slow pain messages
Project to thalamus, limbic and cortical areas
A-beta fibres: everything is ok messages
Neurochemsitry
Bradykinin and prostaglandins
Released by tissue damage
stimulate pain neurons; major producers of pain
Glutamate and Substance P
Act in spinal cord to increase neural firings
Substance P secreted by pain fibres and crosses synapse to T cells; triggers firing
Part of the Gate Mechanism
Models of Pain
BioPsychoSocial
Pain comprised of physical, psychological and environmental (social) aspects
Fordyce's Aspects of Pain
Nociception
tissue damage
Pain
perceived nociceptive input
Suffering
Affective
Pain behaviour
behaviour to nociception
Avoidance learning
Learned pain beahviours
Gate Theory (Melzac and Wall)
A-beta fibres fire to keep the gate closed, controlling the flow of pain to the brain
A-delta and C-fibres fire above a threshold, opens the gate and pain messages are sent to the brain
messages coming down from the brain can also open and close the gate
central sensitization: increase in excitability of neurons in CNS; pain still experienced after tissue damage heals (chronic pain)
Treatment
Behaviour Therapy
Rewards for well beh's
Decrease rewards for pain beh's
Reduce avoidance beh's
Increase fitness
CBT
Change cognitions to change beh's, thoughts and emotions
Insight into self-defeating patterns
Challenge them
Increase self-efficacy
Problem-solving
Biofeedback and relaxation
Setting achievable goals
Show full summary
Hide full summary
Want to create your own
Mind Maps
for
free
with GoConqr?
Learn more
.
Similar
History of Psychology
mia.rigby
Biological Psychology - Stress
Gurdev Manchanda
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Jessica Phillips
Psychology A1
Ellie Hughes
Psychology subject map
Jake Pickup
The Biological Approach to Psychology
Gabby Wood
Memory Key words
Sammy :P
Psychology | Unit 4 | Addiction - Explanations
showmestarlight
Chapter 5: Short-term and Working Memory
krupa8711
Cognitive Psychology - Capacity and encoding
T W
Nervous Systems and the Brain - Lecture 1
Georgina Burchell
Browse Library