4328163
Description
Mind Map by alvarez.luzgabri, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by alvarez.luzgabri
almost 9 years ago
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Human and animal language
- There are some special properties of human language
- Communicative and informative signals
- May be intentional and
unintentional
- Your accent,
movements and
dressing code, among
other elements
communicate things
about you
unintentionally
- Words or
sounds
communicate
intentionally
- Your accent,
movements and
dressing code, among
other elements
communicate things
about you
unintentionally
- May be intentional and
unintentional
- Displacement
- Is the property of
human language that
allows language users
to talk about things,
events or places whose
existence we cannot
be even sure
- We can use
language to
talk about
present, past
and future
- We can use
language to
talk about
present, past
and future
- Animal
communication
seems to be used
exclusively in the
moment.
- Animal
communication
lacks of this
property
- Animal
communication
lacks of this
property
- Is the property of
human language that
allows language users
to talk about things,
events or places whose
existence we cannot
be even sure
- Arbitrariness
- In human language
there is no 'natural'
connection between a
linguistic form and its
meaning
- Animals seem to
have a finite set of
signals to
communicate, and
there is non
arbitrariness in it
- In human language
there is no 'natural'
connection between a
linguistic form and its
meaning
- Productivity
- Is the property
humans have of
continually
creating new
expressions and
utterances.
- This property
is described
also as
creativity or
open-endedness
- This property
is described
also as
creativity or
open-endedness
- Animals have
limited signals
ato communicate
which is called
fixed reference
that cannot be
manipulated
- Is the property
humans have of
continually
creating new
expressions and
utterances.
- Cultural transmission
- Humand acquire
language in a
culture with other
speakers and not
from parental
genes. It is passed
on from one
generation to
another
- Animal are born
with a set of
pecific signals
that are
produced
instinctively as
their
communication
pattern
- Humand acquire
language in a
culture with other
speakers and not
from parental
genes. It is passed
on from one
generation to
another
- Communicative and informative signals
- Chimpanzees and language
- Non-human primates don't have a
physically structured vocal tract suitable
for articulating the sounds used in
speed
- Apes and gorillas can communicate
with a wide range of vocal calls, but
they cannot make human speech
sounds
- Several studies
have been
performed with
cimps
- Gua (1930s)
- Was raised as a
child. Was able to
understand about
a hundred words,
but didn't say any
of them.
- Was raised as a
child. Was able to
understand about
a hundred words,
but didn't say any
of them.
- Viki (1940s)
- Eventually
produced some
words poorly
articulated
- Eventually
produced some
words poorly
articulated
- Washoe
- In a period of three
and a half years
came to use signs
for more than a
hundred word, even
showed the ability
to combine them to
produce 'sentences'.
- In a period of three
and a half years
came to use signs
for more than a
hundred word, even
showed the ability
to combine them to
produce 'sentences'.
- Sarah
- Was trained to
use a set of
plastic shapes for
communicating
with humans.
Sarah was
capable of
producing
'sentenes' and to
understand
complex
structures.
- Was trained to
use a set of
plastic shapes for
communicating
with humans.
Sarah was
capable of
producing
'sentenes' and to
understand
complex
structures.
- Lana
- Was trained
to learn a
set of
symbols on
a large
keyboard
linked to a
computer
- Was trained
to learn a
set of
symbols on
a large
keyboard
linked to a
computer
- Gua (1930s)
- Based on studies it is argued that
chimpanzees simply produce signs in
response to the demands of people and tend
to repeat the signs those people use, like
performing sophisticated tricks in order to
get rewards, not really communnicating or
producing language.
- Non-human primates don't have a
physically structured vocal tract suitable
for articulating the sounds used in
speed
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