4719702
Inheritance GCSE
- Body Cells divide by mitosis
- In body cells, the chromosomes
contain the genetic information and
are normally found in pairs.
- When a body cell divides by mitosis,
copies of the genetic material are
made and then the cell divides once to
form two genetically identical body
cells.
- Mitosis occurs during growth
or to produce replacement
cells.
- Body cells have two sets of
chromosomes; sex cells
(gametes) have only one set.
- Cells in
reproductive
organs divide to
form gametes by
meiosis
- When a cell divides to form
gametes, copies of the
genetic information are made
and then the cell divides
twice to form four gametes,
each with a single set of
chromosomes.
- When gametes join at fertilisation, a single
body cell with new pairs of chromosomes is
formed. A new individual then develops by
this cell repeatedly.
- Most type of animal cells differentiate
at an early stage whereas many plant
cells retain the ability to differentiate
throughout life, In mature animals, cell
division is mainly restricted to repair
and replacement.
- Cells from human embryos and adult
bone marrow, called stem cells, can be
made to differentiate into many
different types of cells, eg nerve cells.
- Human stem cells have the ability to develop into any kind of human cell.
- Treatment with stem cells may be
able to help conditions such as
paralysis.
- The cells of the offspring produced by
asexual reproduction are produced by
mitosis from the parental cells. They contain
the same alleles as the parents.
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