4823059
Description
Mind Map by Santiago Darnes, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Santiago Darnes
over 8 years ago
|
|
Germany (1919-1929)
- Political Situation
- Germany had a revolution and became an unstable
democratic republic (1918). It was a conditions of
the Allies to stp the war
- In Bavaria an independent Socialist Republic was
declared. The Kaiser left Germany for the Netherlands.
Friedrich Ebert (the Socialist leader) became the leader
of the Republic of Germany. He signed an armistice with
the Allies and also announced to the people that the
new Republic was giving the freedom of speech, freedom
of workship and better working conditions
- In Germany free elections tok
place for the first time and Ebert
won, becoming president of the
Weimar Republic (January 1919)
- Weimar Republic,
most democratic
system
- No individual could gain
too much power
- Peoples could
vote from 20
years
- System of propotional
representation
- The Chancellor was reponsible
of day-to-day goverment, but
he needed te support of half
the Reichstag
- The President stayed out of
goverment and in a crisis he could
give emergency power without
consulting the Reichstag
- No individual could gain
too much power
- Opposition from left and right
- Left-wing group
- Communist party (Spartacists). They wanted a Germany
ruled by worker's councils or soviets (like Lenin's
Bolsheviks). The Spartacists were well armed, so Ebert
use the commanders of the army and a group called
Freikorps (formed by anti-Communist ex-soldiers) to
put down the rebellion
- The Communists declare a soviet
republic in Bavaria before Kurt
Eisner (Ebert's ally and new
leader of Bavaria) was murdered
in February 1919 by political
opponents. Ebert use another
time the Freikorps and around
600 Communists were killed
- The Communists declare a soviet
republic in Bavaria before Kurt
Eisner (Ebert's ally and new
leader of Bavaria) was murdered
in February 1919 by political
opponents. Ebert use another
time the Freikorps and around
600 Communists were killed
- Communist party (Spartacists). They wanted a Germany
ruled by worker's councils or soviets (like Lenin's
Bolsheviks). The Spartacists were well armed, so Ebert
use the commanders of the army and a group called
Freikorps (formed by anti-Communist ex-soldiers) to
put down the rebellion
- Right-wing group,
violent opposition
- People who grown up in the successful
days of the Kaiser's Germany. They wanted
a dictatorial style of goverment, a strong
army and theywanted too Germany to
expand and have an empire.
- In March 1919 Dr Wolfgang Kapp led 5000 Freikorps into
Berlin in a rebellion. The army refused to fire on the Freikorps
an itlooked as if Ebert's goverment was doomed
- After this, the rebels (right-wing group) and Kapp
had to present in the court. The rebels went
unpunishment and Kapp after escaping and hunted
down, he died awaiting trial
- After this, the rebels (right-wing group) and Kapp
had to present in the court. The rebels went
unpunishment and Kapp after escaping and hunted
down, he died awaiting trial
- In March 1919 Dr Wolfgang Kapp led 5000 Freikorps into
Berlin in a rebellion. The army refused to fire on the Freikorps
an itlooked as if Ebert's goverment was doomed
- People who grown up in the successful
days of the Kaiser's Germany. They wanted
a dictatorial style of goverment, a strong
army and theywanted too Germany to
expand and have an empire.
- Left-wing group
- Weimar Republic,
most democratic
system
- In Germany free elections tok
place for the first time and Ebert
won, becoming president of the
Weimar Republic (January 1919)
- In Bavaria an independent Socialist Republic was
declared. The Kaiser left Germany for the Netherlands.
Friedrich Ebert (the Socialist leader) became the leader
of the Republic of Germany. He signed an armistice with
the Allies and also announced to the people that the
new Republic was giving the freedom of speech, freedom
of workship and better working conditions
- Germany had a revolution and became an unstable
democratic republic (1918). It was a conditions of
the Allies to stp the war
- Economic Situation
- Germany was virtually bankrupt (1918)
- War left: 600,000 widows and 2
million children orphans
- Nationla income was
about one-third of wath it
had been in 1913
- Industrial production was
about two-third of what it had
been in 1913
- War left: 600,000 widows and 2
million children orphans
- Economic disasters
- The reparations that Germany was forced to pay
the Allies (April 1921) was set at £6600 million, to be
paid in annual instalments. Germany protested for
the amount of manoey that it was, but it was
ignored.
- The Ruhr
- Germany paid the first instalment of £50 million in 1921 but in 1922
nothing was paid. Ebert try to negotiate, but France ran out of
patience. So French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr and take out
raw material and goods. After, the German goverment ordered the
workers to go on strike (French couldn' take away nothing). France
reacted brutally and killed over 100 workers and expelled over
100,000 prostesters.
- Hyperinflation
- With not goods to trade, the goverment started pringting money. It seemed an attractive solution for
paid of its debts in worthless marks (war loans for example). Price and wages rocketed because the
money in circulation, but people soon realised that this money was worthless. Poor peoplesuffered a
lot, as well as middle-class families and pensioners.
- With not goods to trade, the goverment started pringting money. It seemed an attractive solution for
paid of its debts in worthless marks (war loans for example). Price and wages rocketed because the
money in circulation, but people soon realised that this money was worthless. Poor peoplesuffered a
lot, as well as middle-class families and pensioners.
- Hyperinflation
- Germany paid the first instalment of £50 million in 1921 but in 1922
nothing was paid. Ebert try to negotiate, but France ran out of
patience. So French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr and take out
raw material and goods. After, the German goverment ordered the
workers to go on strike (French couldn' take away nothing). France
reacted brutally and killed over 100 workers and expelled over
100,000 prostesters.
- The Ruhr
- The reparations that Germany was forced to pay
the Allies (April 1921) was set at £6600 million, to be
paid in annual instalments. Germany protested for
the amount of manoey that it was, but it was
ignored.
- Germany was virtually bankrupt (1918)
- Social Situation
- The war had deepened in Germany
society (1918)
- Huge gaps between rich
and poor's living standars
- Germany workers
were bitter at the
restrictions placed
on their earning
while factory owners
made lots of many
from de war
- Women starts
working in
factory during
the war
- Huge gaps between rich
and poor's living standars
- Through February, 1919,
Berlin was to be too violent
and unstable
- The war had deepened in Germany
society (1918)
- The Treaty of Versailles,
May 1919
- Germany lost
- 10 per cent of its land, all of its colonies,
12.5 per cent of its population and 16 per
cent of its coal and 48 per cent of its iron
industry
- In addition
- Its army was reduced to 100,000;
its navy was reduced
- Germany had to accept blame for starting
the war and was forced to pay reparations
- Its army was reduced to 100,000;
its navy was reduced
- In addition
- 10 per cent of its land, all of its colonies,
12.5 per cent of its population and 16 per
cent of its coal and 48 per cent of its iron
industry
- Germany lost
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