Atoms & The Periodic Table

Atoms
1. Electrons
  1. Negative Charge
  2. Move around the Nucleus
  3. Occupy Shells
  4. If Electrons are added/removed the atom then becomes an Ion
2. Nucleus
  1. In the middle of an Atom
  2. Contains Protons & Neutrons
    1. Positive Protons
      1. Number of Protons = Number of Electrons
    2. Neutral Neutrons
    3. Overall positive charge
Periodic Table
1. Columns
  1. These are called Groups
    1. Each Group have the same number of Electrons in their outer shell
      1. Therefore the properties are similar
    2. Group 0 are Noble Gases
      1. This means they have a full outer shell
        They are stable and unreactive
2. Numbers
  1. The top number is the Mass Number
    1. Number of Protons & Neutrons
  2. Bottom number is the Atomic Number
    1. Number of Electrons
  3. To find the Neutrons it's Mass Number - Atomic Number
Electron Shells
1. Rules
  1. Electrons occupy shells
  2. There are usually 3 shells
    1. First - 2 Electrons
    2. Second - 8 Electrons
    3. Third - 8 Electrons
  3. A full outer shell means the Element is unreactive
    1. Unless full the Element will react
2. Carbon Electron Shells
  1. 2 electrons on first shell
  2. 4 electrons on outer shell
Compounds
1. Formed
  1. Different Elements react forming Chemical Bonds
    1. Forms a Compund
    2. Making Bonds involves taking and sharing Electrons
2. Bonding
  1. Ionic Bonding
    1. Occurs when metals and non-metals bond
      1. Consists of Ions
    2. The metal loses Electrons
      1. Forms positive charge
    3. The non-metal gains Electrons
      1. Forms negative charge
    4. The opposite charge causes the atoms to be attracted
      1. Forms a compound
        E.g. NaCl
        Sodium Atom gives an electron to Chlorine Atom
  2. Covalent Bonding
    1. Occurs when two non-metals bond
      1. Consists of Molecules
    2. Each Atom shares an Electron
      1. They have to share so they can have a full outer shell
        Must have enough Covalent Bonds to do so
        E.g HCl
        The Hydrogen bonds with the Chlorine by sharing an Electron
3. Formulas
  1. Carbon Dioxide
    1. 1 Carbon Atom
    2. 2 Oxygen Atoms
  2. Calcium Hydroxide
    1. 1 Calcium Atom
    2. 2 Oxygen Atoms & 2 Hydrogen Atoms
      1. These have brackets around them, with a little '2' next to it

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Atoms & The Periodic Table

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	Created by Ryan Brace almost 9 years ago