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51670
Basic Concepts
Description
Chemistry Mind Map on Basic Concepts, created by JonnyDayy on 20/04/2013.
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chemistry
chemistry
Mind Map by
JonnyDayy
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
JonnyDayy
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Basic Concepts
Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains ONLY H and C
Saturated
SINGLE BONDS
ALKANES
Bromine water doesn't change
Unsaturated
AT LEAST one double c=c bond
Alkenes
Bromine water goes from Orange to Clear in Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Functional Groups
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CHARACTERISTIC REACTIONS OF THE COMPOUND
Alkane
c-c
-ane
Alkene
c=c
-ene
Halogenoalkane
Chloro
Bromo
Chloro
Iodo
Alcohols
-OH
Hydroxy
-ol
Ethanol
Alcoholic Drinks
Solvent (Methylated Spirits)
Hydration of Ethene
Steam and Ethene
H2PO4 Catalyst
High Pressures
High Temperatures
100% Ethanol
100% Atom Economy
Non-renewable source (cracked hydrocarbons)
Fermentation of Sugars
Slow Batch Process
Yeast Enzyme 37 degrees
14% Ethanol
Low Atom Economy (CO2 waste)
Cheap Materials and Energy Demand
Renewable Sources (Sugar Cane)
Methanol
Petrol Addative
Chemical Feedstock
Classifying Alcohols
Primary
OH group with only one alkyl group
Partial Oxidation to Aldyhydes
Secondary
OH group attached with 2 alkyl groups
Tertiary
OH group is attached with three alkyl groups
Aldehyde
C=O and a H
-al
Ketone
Just a C=O
-ONE
Carboxyllic Acid
COOH
-oic
Homologous Series
differing by a -CH2 group
Naming Table
1=meth
2=eth
3=prop
4=but
5=pent
6=hex
7=hept
8=oct
9=non
10=dec
Isomerisms
Stereoisomerism
Same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
E/Z Isomerism
You need a C=C
Atoms fixed in place
Must have 2 different groups attached
CIS-Trans Stereoisomesim
Special type of E/Z
Two groups are the same
E (trans) on the opposite sides
Z (cis) on the Zame Zide
Organic Reagents and Reactions
Homolytic Fission
Each bonded atom takes one electron
Eachatom has anunpaired electron
Braking of a Covalent Bond
Heterolytic Fission
Split Unequally
One atom takes both e-
X-Y=X+Y-
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