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5329890
The Immune System
Description
- Structure and mode of action of phagocytes - B and T lymphocytes - Structure and Function of Antibodies
No tags specified
phagocytes
antigen-presenting cells
t lymphocytes
b lymphocytes
biology
disease and the immune system
a-level
Mind Map by
Dean Lundie
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Dean Lundie
over 8 years ago
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Resource summary
The Immune System
1) Phagocytes
1) Phagocyte recognises the antigens on a pathogen
2) Cytoplasm of phagocyte engulfs pathogen
Opsonins help as they are molecules in the blood that attach to foreign antigens
3) The pathogen is now contained in a phagosome in the cytoplasm of the phagocyte
4) A lysosome fuses with the phagosome. The enzymes break the pathogen down
5) The phagocyte then presents the pathogens antigens. It is now an antigen presenting cell
2) T Lymphocytes
Type of White Blood Cell
Surface is covered with receptors
1) Receptors bind to antigens on Antigen-presenting cells
2) Each T Lymphocyte has a different receptor
3) When the receptor meets a complimentary antigen, it binds to it. This means each lymphocyte is unique
4) This activates the T Lymphocyte
Clonal Selection
5) They then divide to produce clones. Different types of Lymphocyte have different functions
Clonal Expansion
T Helper
Release substances to help activate B Lymphocytes and killer cells
T Killer
Kill cells with a virus
T Regulatory
Suppress immune response
3) B Lymphocytes
Type of White Blood Cell
Covered with Antibodies
1) Antibodies bind to Antigens
2) Each Antibody has a different shape
Unique complimentary antigen-antibody complex
3) This activate the B Lymphocyte
Clonal Selection
4) Divide by mitosis into plasma and memory cells
Clonal Expansion
4) Plasma cells and Antibodies
1) Plasma cells are clones of B Lymphocytes
2) They secrete loads of antibodies specific to the antigen
3) They will bind to the antigen and form complexes
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Variable region is the binding site
Hinge region allows flexibility for binding
Constant region allows binding to receptors on immune system cells
Disulfide bridges hold polypeptide chains together
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