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55307
Topic 1: Qualitative analysis
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Chemistry Mind Map on Topic 1: Qualitative analysis, created by Alice Clayden on 24/04/2013.
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Alice Clayden
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Created by
Alice Clayden
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Topic 1: Qualitative analysis
Qualitative analysis- any method used to identify which chemicals are present for example using an indicator to find out if acids are present.
Quantitative analysis- any method used to determine the amount of a particular chemical present for example carrying out an acid-base titration.
Flame tests for metal ions: yellow = sodium, lilac = potassium, brick red = calcium, blue/green = copper
Precipitate tests for metal ions - add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to each solution
Copper = blue precipitate
Iron II = green precipitate
Iron III = brown precipitate
Aluminium = white precipitate
Calcium = white precipitate
Aluminium and calcium can be distinguished by adding excess sodium hydroxide
Calcium ions would be unchanged but aluminium ions would redissolve to form a colourless solution
All preciptates are solid hydroxides of the cation e.g. calcium hydroxide
Testing for Halide ions:chloride, bromide and iodide- add silver nitrate (AgNO3)
Chloride ions = white precipitate
Bromide ions = cream/ pale yellow
iodide ions = yellow
Anion = negative
Cation = positive
Identifying ammonium ions: warm the unknown substance (e.g. ammonium chloride) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
If a smelly gas is given off and damp red litmus paper turns blue then ammonium ions are present
NaOH(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) = NH3(g) + H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
Why test for ions in industry?
Forensic science, water checked for purity and safety- levels of compounds/ ions can be unsafe, also to identify unknown compounds in water
chlorine is used to kill bacteria in our water so the concentrations of chloride ions are monitored by chemists
minerals in the diet are very important for health- ions tests our done on our blood to check for mineral defiency
Copper, Potassium, Calcium & sodium are tested for - flame test
chlorides and iodides are tested for to - halide test
water that is too hard will produce alot of scum- impact on industrial and domestic machinery e.g. washing machines
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