569798
Description
Mind Map by katya_gaytann6444, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by katya_gaytann6444
almost 11 years ago
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Hydrocarbon Derivatives
- Ethers
- Uses
- Functional Group
- They are organic compounds
which are considered derivatives
of water wherein the hydrogens
are replaced by organic radicals.
- They are organic compounds
which are considered derivatives
of water wherein the hydrogens
are replaced by organic radicals.
- Physical Properties
- Solubility is similar to that of the
same molecular mass alcohols.
- They are pleasant
smelling substances. Its
boiling point is similar to,
and are weakly polar
alkanes.
- Solubility is similar to that of the
same molecular mass alcohols.
- Nomenclature
- It ends with the word ether at
the end of the common
classification as a halogen.
- It ends with the word ether at
the end of the common
classification as a halogen.
- Functional Isomerism
- Are functional isomers of
alcohols, they have the
same molecular formula
but different structural.
- Are functional isomers of
alcohols, they have the
same molecular formula
but different structural.
- Uses
- Alcohols
- Physical Properties
- Alcohols with low molecular
weight water soluble.
- The density and the boiling point
increase with molecular weight.
- Alcohols with low molecular
weight water soluble.
- Isomerism
- Uses
- Chemical Properties
- Esterification reaction: They react
with carboxylic acids in medium hot
produciedo acid esters.
- Oxidation reaction: The oxidation
involves oxygen that provides a
strong oxidizing agent.
- Esterification reaction: They react
with carboxylic acids in medium hot
produciedo acid esters.
- Methods of Obtaining
- Natural sources.
Alcoholic
fermentation: to
leave in the
absence of air like
corn or rye
produce
intoxicating
properties. Alcohol
has been obtained
by the
fermentation of
fruit, grains, etc..
- Natural sources.
Alcoholic
fermentation: to
leave in the
absence of air like
corn or rye
produce
intoxicating
properties. Alcohol
has been obtained
by the
fermentation of
fruit, grains, etc..
- Functional Group
- They are organic compounds in which one or
more hydrogens from a hydrocarbon has been
replaced by one or more hydroxyl.
- They are organic compounds in which one or
more hydrogens from a hydrocarbon has been
replaced by one or more hydroxyl.
- Nomenclature
- Its completion in
systematic
nomenclature is
"ol" for the
common name
but the "ico" used.
- Its completion in
systematic
nomenclature is
"ol" for the
common name
but the "ico" used.
- Classification
- Alcohols identification
- They can be identified by its reaction with
sodium metal, the reaction product was as
follows hisdrógeno. To differentiate the
alcohols have the reaction test called Lucas.
- They can be identified by its reaction with
sodium metal, the reaction product was as
follows hisdrógeno. To differentiate the
alcohols have the reaction test called Lucas.
- Physical Properties
- Carboxylic Acid
- Functional Group
- They are caracterized by
their structure in the
carboxyl functional group
- They are caracterized by
their structure in the
carboxyl functional group
- Nomenclature
- Must end in "oic" in their
common name and its
completion is "ico".
- Must end in "oic" in their
common name and its
completion is "ico".
- Chemical Properties
- The hydrogen of the carboxyl-OH
acid group gives character to these
compounds.
- The hydrogen of the carboxyl-OH
acid group gives character to these
compounds.
- Physical Properties
- Are liquid to nine carbons,
taking more are solid, unless
they contain double bonds.
- Are liquid to nine carbons,
taking more are solid, unless
they contain double bonds.
- Natural Sources and Uses
- Functional Group
- Halogenated
- Nomenclature
- Halogenated derivatives are named the
same way as the alkanes, considering the
halogen as a substituent in the main chain.
- Halogenated derivatives are named the
same way as the alkanes, considering the
halogen as a substituent in the main chain.
- Functional Group
- They are organic compounds in which one
or more hydrogens from a hydrocarbon have
been replaced by one or more halogens
- Physical Properties
- Solubility: soluble in water and
insoluble in nonpolar solvents
- Boiling Point: Increases
with molecular mass
- Density: Iodides and Bromides
are denser water
- Solubility: soluble in water and
insoluble in nonpolar solvents
- Chemical Properties
- Formation of alcohols is a reaction in which
an alkyl halide reacts with a strong base.
- Formation of alcohols is a reaction in which
an alkyl halide reacts with a strong base.
- Uses
- Nomenclature
- Ketones and Aldehydes
- Systematic Nomenclature
- To name aldehydes termination
is "al" and ketones is "ona".
- To name aldehydes termination
is "al" and ketones is "ona".
- Common Nomenclature
- Aldehydes name is related
to carboxylic acids. Ketones
Acetone called.
- Aldehydes name is related
to carboxylic acids. Ketones
Acetone called.
- Chemical Properties
- Oxidation reaction: Aldehydes are
easily oxidized and hydrogen is due to
carbon but ketones resist oxidation.
- Oxidation reaction: Aldehydes are
easily oxidized and hydrogen is due to
carbon but ketones resist oxidation.
- Functional Group
- Consists of a carbon bonded
to oxygen with a double bond
and is called carbonyl.
- Consists of a carbon bonded
to oxygen with a double bond
and is called carbonyl.
- Uses
- Physical Properties
- The polarity is larger with double bonds that simple. Its boiling
point is higher than that of the hydrocarbons. Its density is
lower than that of water. They are soluble in water.
- The polarity is larger with double bonds that simple. Its boiling
point is higher than that of the hydrocarbons. Its density is
lower than that of water. They are soluble in water.
- Systematic Nomenclature
- Amines
- Functional Group
- Are nitrogen compounds can be
described as inorganic comuesto
ammonia derivatives.
- Are nitrogen compounds can be
described as inorganic comuesto
ammonia derivatives.
- Nomenclature
- Form alphabetical naming alkyl or
aryl groups bonded to the amine
nitrogen and adding the suffix.
- Form alphabetical naming alkyl or
aryl groups bonded to the amine
nitrogen and adding the suffix.
- Amines and Cancer
- If someone is exposed to the action of
two aromatic amines that are classified
as carcinogenic can get cancer.
- If someone is exposed to the action of
two aromatic amines that are classified
as carcinogenic can get cancer.
- Classification
- Physical Properties
- Have melting and boiling points that
increase with increasing molecular
mass. They are soluble in water.
- Have melting and boiling points that
increase with increasing molecular
mass. They are soluble in water.
- Functional Group
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