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57307
Genetic Variation & Control
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Biology Mind Map on Genetic Variation & Control, created by Bethan Clark on 25/04/2013.
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biology
biology
Mind Map by
Bethan Clark
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Bethan Clark
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Genetic Variation & Control
A nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes which is made up of DNA
A section of DNA is called a gene
Carry information that control the characteristics of an organism, different genes control the development of different characteristics
During reproduction, genes are passed from parent to offspring (they are inherited)
Inheritance of genes
Male gamete: Sperm
Female gamete: Egg
At fertilization genes carried by the egg/sperm are mixed to produce a new individual. (Fusing of the nuclei)
This mixing is completely random so produces lots of variation, even among offspring from same parents.
23 pairs of chromosomes in an adult cell
Sexual/Asexual reproduction
Sexual
Genes from egg and sperm fuse together and produce a new individual
Contains genes from both parents so you have characteristics from both.
Asexual
One parent is needed
DNA will be genetically identical so there will be no variation i.e. cloning
E.g. bacteria, fungi, identical twins
sexual: if there was a disease and there was no variation between species then they would be wiped out
asexual: if there is only one organism left then they can repopulate
Meiosis
Gametes are formed from cells in the reproductive organs by a type of cell division called meiosis.
The cells that are formed by meiosis have half as many chromosomes as the cell that formed them
Main features: the chromosomes are copied and the cell divides twice, forming four gametes
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