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57351
b5
Description
Biology Mind Map on b5, created by chelseahope on 25/04/2013.
No tags specified
biology
biology
Mind Map by
chelseahope
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
chelseahope
over 11 years ago
88
1
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Resource summary
b5
how do organisms develop?
cell specialisation
start as zygotes
fertilised egg cell
make new cells through mitosis
this creates an embryo
cells change during mitosis to adapt to jobs
differentiated
red and white blood cells
red carries oxygen
surface area allows for efficient absorption
white is important for the immune system
fight pathogens
engulf them
produce antibodies
requires a lot of energy
how cells differentiate
only carries out jobs it is specialised to do
genes in the dna are turned on and off
dna
cell adaptations
unicellular
multicellular
specialised jobs
adapted to different fucntions
tissue - group of cells
organ is made up of tissues
stem cells
fertilisation
sex cells
sperm and eggs
fertilisation
haploid
fertilised sex cell is a zygote
turns into embryo
what are stem cells?
embryonic stem cells
before differentiation
adult stem cells
not differentiated
can be differentiated
the importance of stem cells
give rise to the entire body
can reproduce themselves
cell division
research
treatments
stem cells in plants
plant cells
palisade cells
top of leaves
get light
full of chloroplasts
xylem cells
carry water and mineral salts
form together to make long tubes
xylem tissue
phloem cells
cell division in plants
differentiated cells cannot divide anymore
cells in meristems can divide
divide by mitosis
become two identical daughter cells
separated by a cell plate that later becomes a cell wall
can either divide again or differentiate
cell specialization in plants
meristems
found in the tips of shoots, roots, buds and flowering parts
plants constantly grow
mitosis
plant clones
plants from cuttings
end of the shoot in moist earth
roots grow and a plant does too
exact copy/clone
tissue culture
saves time and money
take bits of plant tissue
from the root or stem
treat with enzymes to separate the cells
placed individually on nutrient jelly
contains plant hormones
tissue culture using meristem cells
auxins
chemical messages
coordinate growth
auxin effects all cells
elongates cells
plant development
how lights affect plants
meiosis
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