Neuroimaging

Description

Masters Mind Body Brain Mind Map on Neuroimaging, created by Amberlee Green on 27/04/2013.
Amberlee Green
Mind Map by Amberlee Green, updated more than 1 year ago
Amberlee Green
Created by Amberlee Green over 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Neuroimaging
  1. Structural Imaging
    1. What the brain looks like
      1. Dissection
        1. When brain is out of skull
          1. Examine for gross lesions e.g. physical damage/infection/stroke
            1. Thin slices look at cell damage eg. tangles in alzeimehers
          2. CT Scans
            1. Computorized Tomography
              1. Thin slice xrays that can be assembled into 3D data structures to use clinically
                1. different tissue absorbs radiation to dif. extents e.g.brain, skull, ventricles
              2. MRI Scans
                1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                  1. Head placed in strong magnetic field to align protons, radio frequency knocks them out of allignment
                    1. It measures radiowaves emitted as it re-aligns - gives high resolution pic of braim
                      1. diffrenciates grey from white matter
                  2. DTI Scans
                    1. Diffusion Tensor Imaging
                      1. way of analysing MRI data - looks at direction of diffusion and the nerve fibre tracts in brain (white matter
                2. Functional Imaging
                  1. Looks at brain in action/what it is doing
                    1. PET Scans
                      1. position emission tomography
                        1. radioactive tracers in bloodstream then measure positiron particles emitted
                          1. worse resolution that MRI but has advantages
                      2. FMRI Scans
                        1. Functional MRI
                          1. Same techniques as MRI, measures BOLD (brain oxygen level dependant) response; a distortion due to 'deoxyhaemoglobin'
                            1. its sensitive to blood flow & oxygenation so assumed to correlate with neural activity
                              1. It maps out what bits do what and tests theories e.g. individual differences
                            2. MRI Spectroscopy
                              1. Magnetic Resonance Imagery
                                1. Analysic techniques measure relative concentrations of diff biological chemicals e.g. neurotransmitters
                              2. EEG
                                1. Measures small voltage on scalp due to brain 'generators'
                                  1. Net/cap electrodes on scalp
                                    1. good at measuring timing but not location
                                  2. Electro encephalt graphy
                                  3. ERPs
                                    1. Event related potential
                                      1. Evoked electrical pattern creates temporary precise patterns of voltage (can be removed - not phase locked)
                                        1. Very variable and noisy
                                    2. MEG
                                      1. Magnetoencephalography
                                        1. Measures magenetic field around head due to the electrical fields in the brain
                                          1. Good at timing and localising
                                            1. No fiddily electrodes
                                              1. Better at things that EEG and vice versa
                                      2. Other Types
                                        1. Brain Stimulation
                                          1. very quick/strong magnetic field induces brain current which intereferes or stimulates an area; sing pulse Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
                                          2. Continous TMS
                                            1. Interferes for longer and has greater effect; manipulates timing relative to sensory stimulous
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