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59676
B4 The Processes of Life
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Biology Mind Map on B4 The Processes of Life, created by theflyingduck on 28/04/2013.
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biology
biology
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theflyingduck
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theflyingduck
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
B4 The Processes of Life
Cells
Animal Cells
Cytoplasm
Where most chemical reactions take place, including anaerobic respiration, the production of enzymes and other proteins
Mitochondria
Contain the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration
Nucleus
Contains the DNA that carries the genetic code for making enzymes and other proteins used in all chemical reactions in the cell
Cell Membrane
Allows chemicals like gases and water to pass in and out freely, but prevents other chemicals from leaving or entering the cell
Plant Cells
Cell wall
Made of cellulose to strengthen the cell
Permanent Vacuole
Helps support the cell
Chloroplasts
Contain the green pigment, chlorophyll (which absorbs light energy), and some enzymes needed for photosynthesis
Microbial Cells
Bacteria
Cytoplasm
Where proteins, including enzymes used in aerobic and anaerobic respiration, are made.
Circular DNA
The DNA floats freely int the cytoplasm.
Cell Membrane
Allows gasses and water to enter and leave the cell freely while acting as a barrier to other larger chemicals
Cell Wall
Gives strength to the bacterial cell
Yeast cells
cell wall
Gives the yeast cell strength
Nucleus
Contains DNA that carries the genetic code for making the enzymes needed in respiration
Cytoplasm
Where proteins including enzymes used in anaerobic respiration are amde
Mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration occurs
Enzymes
These are proteins which speed up the rate of chemical reactions.Cells produce enzymes according to the instructions carried in genes
Enzymes need a specific temperature to work at their optimum. At low temperatures, small increases in temperature cause an increase in the frequency
After the optimum enzyme activity is reached, the enzymes start to get damaged, so the reaction slows
Eventually the enzymes structure is permanently destroyed and it stops working, the enzymes has become denatured
Lock and Key model
Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration needs oxygen and occurs in animal cells, plant cells and many microbial cells.
C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+Energy/ATP
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration occurs in conditions of very low oxygen or where no oxygen is present.
Animal
Glucose=Lactic Acid+Energy/ATP
Plant + Yeast
Glucose=Carbon Dioxide+Ethanol+Energy/ATP
Molecule Synthesis
Glucose, produced in photosynthesis in plants, can build up into a polymer as cellulose (for building cell walls) or as starch ( stored in roots).
Glucose nitrates can be joined to make larger molecules of amino acids. In turn, amino acids can be joined together to make proteins.
Photosynthesis
1). Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in green plants
2). Within the chlorophyll molecule, the light energy is used to rearrange the atoms of carbon.
3). oxygen is produced as a waste product.
Carbon dioxide+water+light energy/chlorophyll= glucose+ oxygen
6CO2+6H2O+light energy/chlorophyll=C6H12O6+6O2
Limiting Factors
Temperature, as it rises so does photosynthesis but at 45 degrees the enzymes denature
Carbon dioxide concentration; the rise in carbon dioxide makes photosynthesis rise until it get to such a concentration where it stops.
Light intensity is the same as Carbon dioxide, more is better but it reaches a point where the plant can only photosynthesis a certain amount.
Diffusion
Diffusion is overall movement of substances from the regions of high concentration, to regions of low concentration.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the leaf by diffusion of the gases in and out.
Substance that move in and out of cells by diffusion include oxygen, carbon dioxide and dissolved food.
Active Transport
Some chemicals can be moved by active transport. This is the movement of a substance against a concentration gradient, it requires respiration.
Osmosis
osmosis is a type of diffusion. It's the overall movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.
Happens through a Partially permeable membrane.
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