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6067783
Th2L01 Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic genes
Description
Medicine Y1 (Theme 2 | Genetics) Mind Map on Th2L01 Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic genes, created by Emma Allde on 08/18/2016.
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medicine y1
theme 2 | genetics
Mind Map by
Emma Allde
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Emma Allde
about 8 years ago
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Resource summary
Th2L01 Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic genes
Eukaryotic genes
Exons
Genome expressed sequence of DNA Genome expressed sequence of DNA
Codes for a protein
About 1.5% of DNA
Found in mature mRNA
Introns
Non-coding
Interrupt mRNA
23% of DNA
Not found in mRNA
Non-coding DNA
Untranscribed regions near genes
ca. 2% of non-coding regions of DNA
Areas flanking genes, esp. at the 5' end are important regulatory elements that control the production of mRNA
Repetitive DNA
Nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome
The repeated units may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome
about 50% of DNA
Main types
Retrotransposable elements
Characteristics
moderately repetitive
thought to move to randomly selected new locations
method of movement unknown in human genome
classified according to origin
LINES
Viral retrotransposable elements
Long Interspersed Elements
appears to contains its own reverse transcriptase
SINES
Non-viral retrotransposable elements
Short Interspersed Elements
Satellite DNA
short sequences of DNA that are tandemly repeated as many as 10 million times in the DNA
much of it is located in the telomeres
8% of entire genome
Role
structural properties of DNA
Clinical sig.
Provides genetic fingerprint □ Used in paternity testing and forensic science
Uncharacterised/junk DNA
about 25% of DNA
Prokaryotic genes
Promoter - coding sequence (5' to 3')
Transcriptor terminator
Transcribed into mRNA
mRNA translated by ribosomes to give a polypeptide
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