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60964
Alexander III 1881 - 1894
Description
History (1881 - 24) Mind Map on Alexander III 1881 - 1894, created by charlotte151996 on 29/04/2013.
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1881 - 24
history
history
Mind Map by
charlotte151996
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
charlotte151996
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Alexander III 1881 - 1894
Problems
Keeping large, multi-ethnic empire together.
Russification
1885 - Only use of Russian language.
Eradication of Tsarism.
People's Will 1879
Legacy left by his father.
Did not approve of fathers modernising policies.
In 1881 - launched Russia on a return to conservatism (End to further political reform.
Politcal repression
Moderates
Liberals who supported peaceful political change. Wanted freedom of the press and national parliment elected by educated and wealthy.
Extremists
People's Will / Nihilists - wanted to destroy Tsar's rule and give power to people (without any clear plan as how it might work).
Political and economic power handed to the peasants.
Pobedonostev
Chief minister and leading official of the state church.
Masterminded Alexander II's Manifesto - April 1881.
Absolute political power resided in the Tsar.
Undo reforms made by Alexander II.
New government
Statute of State security.
Government-controlled courts to try government opponents without the need for a jury.
Prevent spread of radical ideas.
Press freedom restricted.
Foreign books and newspapers censored by Okhrana (secret police).
University fees increased to exclude all but the very wealthy.
1884 - under control of gov.
Repressive policies did not destroy extremist groups.
Increased central control
Religious control over education.
Zemstav primary schools under Church control.
Sons of peasants and workers could not enter secondary school.
Pobedonostev turned the clock back in terms of social and political reform.
Russia under control of Tsar, landed classes and Russian Orthadox Church.
Financial reform
Most economically underdeveloped Great Power.
Economy mainly based on agriculture - backwards and underproductive.
Finance minister
Nikolai Bunge
1882 - laws to reduce tax burden on peasanst.
Peasant Land Bank
Loan facilities to help increase land size = more productive.
Ivan Vyshnegradsky
1889 - Financial incentives for peasants to migrate to Siberia
Took pressure off land demand. Couldnt prevent famine of 1891.
Finance economic development from foreign loans.
Foundations for Witte (1890s)
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