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639725
Particles
Description
Physics Unit 1
No tags specified
physics
physics
a levels
Mind Map by
jhhoward
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
jhhoward
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Particles
Hadrons
have sub-structure (non-fundamental)
Made up of QUARKS
Triplets
Baryons
Protons
2 Up Q
1 Down Q
Only stable baryon
All baryons decay to protons
Neutrons
decay into protons
Antibaryons not found in ordinary matter
Baryon no. in particle interactions never changes
Quark Antiquark Pair
Mesons
Unstable
BN = 0
Pions
lightest
discovered in cosmic rays
Produced in high energy particle collisions
Kaons
Heavier
More unstable than pions
Interact with baryons via strong interaction (force)
3 Types
UP
C +2/3
BN +1/3
DOWN
C -1/3
B +1/3
STRANGE
C -1/3
BN +1/3
Strangeness -1
Feel the strong nuclear force
Leptons
Fundamental particles
Lepton number 1
1 number for each type
Six Types + associated antiparticles
Muon
Muon neutrino
Electron neutrino
Electron
Tau neutrino
Tau
Don't feel SN force
Bosons
exchange particles
carry forces between particles
Atomic structure
Atomic number
Total no. of protons in the nucleus
Nucleon (mass) number
Total no. of protons and neutrons
Isotopes
Same no. protons
Different no. of neutrons
Greater no. neutrons = less stable nucleus
Stability of nuclei
electrostattic forces
Replusion of protons
Range indefinite
Gravitational forces
weak
Strong nuclear (attractive) force
v.short range: few femtometers
Works equally on all nucleons
At v.small separation SN force is replusive
Decays
Alpha
v. big nuclei
nuclei to big for SN force to keep stable
When alpha particle emmitted
PN decreases by 2
Mass no. decreases by 4
Beta minus
Neutron rich nuclei
Electron + antineutrino emitted from nucleus
PN increases by 1
Mass no. stays the same
Antineutrino carries away
energy
momentum
Particles + antiparticles
Antiparticles have
Same mass
Opposite charge
Pair production
2 protons collide at high speed
High energy
Converted into more particles
antiparticles + particles formed
produced from single photon
usually electron positron pairs produced
low mass
curve due to magnetic field
opposite directions : opposite charges
Annihilation
Particle meets antiparticle
Total mass converted into enegy
Media attachments
strong_nuclear_force_graph (image/jpg)
alpha_decay (image/jpg)
beta_minus_decay (image/jpg)
particle_table (image/jpg)
antiparticle_table (image/jpg)
Pair_Production (image/png)
particle_annhilation.gif (image/gif)
neutron_decay_to_proton.gif (image/gif)
lepton_table (image/jpg)
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