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648111
A-Level Biology: Cell Division
Description
A simple mind map for A-Levels Biology. It gives a simple explanation for division of cells.
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cian.buckley+1
, updated more than 1 year ago
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cian.buckley+1
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Resource summary
A-Level Biology: Cell Division
Cell Division
Occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells by mitosis and meiosis
Replacement of the entire lining of your small intestine
Liver cells only divide for repairing
Nerve cells do not divide
Chromosomes
Long and thin for replication and decoding
Become short and fat prior mitosis
easier to separate due to compact form
Meiosis (reduction division)
During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals
In spore formation which precedes gamete production in plants
Haploid gametes (sperm ovum) - sexual reproduction
DNA in a cell replicates only once, but cell divides twice
The Cell Cycle
Interphase
G1: Protein synthesis and growth (10 hours)
Preparation for DNA replication (e.g. growths of mitochondria)
Differentiation, only selected genes are used to perform different functions in each cell
S: DNA Replication (9 hours)
G2: short gap before mitosis, organelles and proteins for mitosis are made (4 hours)
G0
Resting phase (nerve cells)
M-Phase
Mitotic division of the nucleus (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
Mitosis
Process of producing 2 diploid daughter cells with the same DNA by copying their chromosomes (clones)
Chromosomes can be grouped into homologous pairs
Mitosis occurs in:
Growth
Repair
Asexual replacement
Replacement of cells with limiting life span (red blood, skin cells)
Controlled process, cancers result from uncontrolled mitosis of abnormal cells
Division of the nucleus (karyokinesis) and the cytoplasm (cytokinesis) are two processes of mitosis
Division of cytoplasm after nucleus. Delayed if cells have more than one nucleus (muscle)
Active process that requires ATP
Phases
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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