From indigenous California to the State of California, people with diverse cultures, religions, and legal
systems shared (in varying degrees of peacefulness) this space. Drawing from three examples that
span pre-1769 to poststatehood, frame early California history in response to these questions.
Is early California history the story of triumph/domination by those with greater power and
devastation over those with lesser power?
Example 1: Mission system
Spanish power dominated the Indigenous population
enforcing of Catholicism
forced labor in mission systems designed to order the Ind.
dampened traditional culture, implemented strict political systems, shifted gender roles (i.e. Wappo)
mission systems >> violance, taking control of land,
ability to control rights despite emancipation and secularization
Example 2: Judicial power = dominant force over immigrants
despite CA const. , slavery still found legal
i.e. kidnapped children viewed as "family members"
women sex slaves as wives
14th ammendment not
protecting immigrants despite
looking inclusive
Is early California history the story of how these waves of interactions created hybrid cultures,
religions, and legal systems? OVERALL ARGUMENT: With interactions, CA faced extreme difficulty in indentifying itself and constructing its identity.
Example 1: missions and Catholicism >> hybrid of religions
Chumash
told Catholic narratives through Chumash perspective
i.e. representation/painting of Archangel Raphael
able to keep dance rituals and
traditions despite the prevalance of
Catholcism
Example 2: Redrressing of Chumash >> hybrid of culture
dressing based on social status
Enuropean dress for those of higher status
Example 3: Legal systems shaped by
immigration/interactions between culturally/etnically/racially
diverse people
Gold Rush era
immigration of Chinese to mines
Foreign Miners Tax
Anti-Chinese sentiment
fear that Chinese would take
opportunity from white men
belief of all Chinese men as coolies and women as prostitutes
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Historians of California use particular methods and theories to create narratives and arguments that
add to or even challenge the work of those before them. Sometimes, they are very clear both about
the method/theory they rely on and how they frame their historiographic contributions.
Drawing on three examples from the readings or lecture, describe and evaluate the use of theory
and method in California history through the time period covered by the midterm.
Heidenreich
understanding the mission
system from a singular tribe of
Ind. where she personally lives
deeply understand how political/legal
structure changed with mission
systems
contrasting her religion to Wappo Kukso religion
Smith
the darkness of the gold rush, different narrative from the
glamorization of CA being a place of freedom and opportunity
gold rush
slavery, traficking, murder, violence
racism, exlcusion
lack of equal opportunity
Foreign Miners Tax
immigration restrictions
everything in favor of making the white man rich
Reconstruction of CA not as a place of equal
opportunity, but limited to white men
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Page Act
restriction of rights despite outline of constitution
Haas
focuses on Chumash culture to understand
shifts and effects of the mission system on
society as a whole. detailed and comprehensive analysis
Chumash painting of Archangel Raphael
redressing
how culture persisted despite violence
Chumash still believed in supernatural forces,
had different account of violenece
despite secularization
and emancipation,
many Chumash chose
to stay in missions
choosing to stay meant staying w families = culture