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69169
Poverty and Inequality
Description
Sociology (Poverty and Inequality) Mind Map on Poverty and Inequality, created by nadiaa on 03/05/2013.
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poverty and inequality
sociology
sociology
poverty and inequality
Mind Map by
nadiaa
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
nadiaa
over 11 years ago
641
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Resource summary
Poverty and Inequality
Social Exclusion
Social Exclusion - homelessness
Economical Exclusion - unemployment
Political Exclusion - unable to vote
Cultural Exclusion - lack of leisure
Marginalization
Pushed aside in society
Poverty
Absolute
Income not enough to access necessities
Bare minimum level of survival
Below line = poor Above line = not poor
Advantage - clear poverty line
Relative
Cannot take part in normal activities due to lack of money
Where people stand relative to others in society
People expect more than avoiding starvation even if items owned by most are not necessary
Disadvantage - unclear where the line should be drawn
Life Chances
Opportunities for achieving living standards
Weber - affected by class position
More capital = better life chances
Economic - wealth, money and possessions
Cultural - classes have different tastes
Human - skills and qualifications
Social - networks and levels of trust
Income
Money received with given time
Original = from employment etc Disposable = original minus taxes etc
Statistics
British Household Panel -doesn't cover homeless
New Earnings - those earning below income tax threshold not included
Time of sample - income can change very quickly
Inequality
Ageing population - more pensions so more low incomes
Benefits - more benefits so more low incomes
Tax cuts - beneficial to high earners
Low minimum wage
Labour market - increasing gap between work rich and work less households
Wealth
Possessions held at given time that can be turned into cash to benefit owner
Linked to status, power and prestige
Often inherited e.g. Royal family
Trends
Increased ownership of consumer goods
People become wealthier as they get older
Statistics
Surveys - people not willing to reveal details
Rich lists - time consuming and complex, relying on estimates
Inland Revenue - calculates value of estate but many distribute assets while alive
Underclass
Suffer economic disadvantage and material hardship
Life chances are worse
Children are socialised into this life so values are passed down
Field - recruits from three main groups
Long term unemployed, lone parent families and pensioners
Murray - New Rabble
Distinctive and unattractive values, living off crime and benefits
Irresponsible parents and poor role models
Low skilled, poorly educated, unwilling to get a job
Concept assumes people are poor through their own fault
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