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Central Dogma
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User has deleted their subject information Mind Map on Central Dogma, created by Deleted user on 19/12/2016.
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genetic variability
central dogma
chemical nature of genes
semiconservative replication
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Resource summary
Central Dogma
Replication
DNA to DNA
Enzyme: DNA polymerase
Template: DNA strand
Semiconservative Replication
one strand acts as template for synthesis of other
Substrates: Primer, dNTPs
Causes of Error
# of copies of genes and chromosomes
New alleles of genes are created - Mutations
Changes in the DNA sequence of gene (#/order of ATCG)
Spontaneously due to errors in replication
Exposure to mutagens
Example: a-actinin 3
mutation in gene: premature stop codon so no a actinin 3 is made
Do better in endurance sports!
Changes in expression patter: Epigenetics
Transciption
DNA to RNA
Enzyme: RNA polymerase
Template: DNA coding strand
substrates: NTP
Translation
RNA to Protein
Enzyme: Ribosome
Template: mRNA
Substrates: amino acids, tRNA
Gene
Fundamental unit of biological information
Chemical: part of a long double stranded polymer of DNA
Made of
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides: Base, sugar, phosphate
Bases
Purines
Adenine (2)
Guanine (3)
Pyrimidines
Cytosine (3)
Thymine (2)
"y"
Phosphodiester bonds
Genetic variability
differences in DNA bases within a population
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