727859
Description
Mind Map by Stephanie Bates, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Stephanie Bates
about 10 years ago
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Psychological
Explanations of SZ
- Family Systems Theory
- SZs cannot be understood in
isolation. Part of fam/ system of
interconnected indiv/s.
- Bateson (1956) - Double Bind - 2/more
conflicting messages, contradict each other.
Automatically wrong whatever response.
- Inconclusive Evidence:
Berger (1965) - SZs reported
higher recall DB statements
by mothers/ non-SZs.
- Hall and Levin (1980) -
analysed data - previous
studies - no diff/ fams/ w/ SZ
fam/ member in DBs obs/d.
- Inconclusive Evidence:
Berger (1965) - SZs reported
higher recall DB statements
by mothers/ non-SZs.
- Leads to types of SZ beh/ depending
on how dealt with DB. e.g. excessively
suspicious + hidden meanings
(paranoia). Ignore surroundings
(catatonia). Accept everything face
value = react emotionally inappropriate.
- DB not clear - ev/ - neg/ fam/ envir/ (high
Expressed Emotion (EE)) = role in onset.
- Prospective Studies: monitor children
period of yrs - who develops SZ. Israeli
High Risk Study (Marcus 1987) - high
risk children - 1 parent SZ. = more likely
fam/s w/ neg/ relationships. None w/
good parenting got SZ.
- Correlational: EE causes SZ
or...Ev/ - high EE = response to SZ.
High EE = less common in fams/
1st-episode SZs / frequent
readmissions suggesting...
- Prospective Studies: monitor children
period of yrs - who develops SZ. Israeli
High Risk Study (Marcus 1987) - high
risk children - 1 parent SZ. = more likely
fam/s w/ neg/ relationships. None w/
good parenting got SZ.
- SZs cannot be understood in
isolation. Part of fam/ system of
interconnected indiv/s.
- Frith's Attention Deficit Model
- SZ = faulty attention system. Cannot distinguish
- thought originate within selves/external envir/.
- Filter - Conscious/preconscious
levels of cog/ processing.
Preconscious (occurs w/out
awareness) = huge quant/s info
from sense (normally filtered) =
small amount enter conscious
thought.
- Filter breaks down = info into conscious =
misinterpreted, seen as imp/ to act on =
delusions.
- Wrongly interpret preconscious
non-speech sounds as speech = seep into
consciousness = voices = auditory
hallucionations.
- Attention probs/ - difficult focusing period
time = impression of disordered thought.
- Faulty filter = disruption neural pathways
connecting hippocampus to pre-frontal
cortex - faulty regulation dopamine in brain.
- Numerous studies = SZs perform poorly info processing
tasks - reaction time, visual tracking, short-term memory.
- Brain Activity: reduced cerebral blood flow in neural
pathways connecting hippo/ to pre-f/ (indicating reduced
brain act/) when SZs cog/ tasks.
- Prediction - SZs difficulty doing tasks w/ focused attention.
McKenna (1994) - not easier to distract/ normal ppl when cog/
tasks. Challenges idea.
- Account of Symptoms: more description of symptoms than
explanation of causes.
- SZ = faulty attention system. Cannot distinguish
- thought originate within selves/external envir/.
- Diathesis Stress Model: complexity -
unlikely single cause. interactive
approach. Zubin + Spring (1977) - bio/
or genetic weakness = unable
process info normally. + disrupted
fam/ communications. Treatment
should combine.
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