7287013
Description
Mind Map by Jess Peachey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jess Peachey
almost 8 years ago
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|
HOLDERNESS
- WHAT PHYSICAL
FACTORS ARE AT
WORK ALONG THE
COASTLINE
- GEOLOGY
- ROCK TYPE
- CHALK
- More resistant chalk
has survived large
scale eroision -
FLANBOROUGH
HEAD
- FLANBOROUGH HEAD
- The sea is eroding and
undercutting the base of
the cliffs = frequent
rockfalls. High tide line is
clearly shown by the dark
staning at teh foot of the
cliff
- Within the headland joints (vertical
cracks) form which run through the
chalk - FAULTS. They are readily
exploited by the process of
weathering and erosion forming
narrow clefts in the coastline -->
major faultline has been exploited to
form SELWICKS BAY
- The sea is eroding and
undercutting the base of
the cliffs = frequent
rockfalls. High tide line is
clearly shown by the dark
staning at teh foot of the
cliff
- FLANBOROUGH HEAD
- chalk forms - stacks, stumps, arches, headlands
and wavecut platforms
- Stretches from Lincolnshire Wolds south
to Flanborough Head
- Distinctive lithology
- layers of chalk are
clearly visible
- the chalk is part of the pre
glacial coastline
- The scandinavian ice sheets
deposited the boulder clay
- The scandinavian ice sheets
deposited the boulder clay
- More resistant chalk
has survived large
scale eroision -
FLANBOROUGH
HEAD
- BOLDER CLAY (moraine)
- differential rate of erosion and
much more easily eroded than
the chalk
- 100 villages lost since Roman times
- Retreat has formed the
sweeping bay of Holderness
- sediment carried and dumped
by ice sheets originating in
scandinavia
- forms - slumping, bays
and mass movement
- differential rate of erosion and
much more easily eroded than
the chalk
- CHALK
- ROCK TYPE
- WEATHER
- winterstorms produce stronger
waves and higher sea levels
(surge). In addition the rain
they bring intensifies
land-based (sub aerial)
processes. The saturated clay
cliffs suffer increased runoff
leading to slumping and other
forms of mass movement.
- winterstorms produce stronger
waves and higher sea levels
(surge). In addition the rain
they bring intensifies
land-based (sub aerial)
processes. The saturated clay
cliffs suffer increased runoff
leading to slumping and other
forms of mass movement.
- WAVES
- TIDES
- Tides and the lower energy environment of
the Humer estuary allow sediment to
collect forming a spit, mudflats and sand
dunes near to spurn head
- SPURN HEAD
- SPURN HEAD
- Tides and the lower energy environment of
the Humer estuary allow sediment to
collect forming a spit, mudflats and sand
dunes near to spurn head
- SEA LEVEL RISE
- FETCH - greatest
fetch from north
east
- greatest fetch - when the wind is
blowingfrom teh nort east it can
drive powerful waves towards
holderness coast. Ocassionally,
areas of extremely low pressure
move down teh north sea,
funnelling water and creating
storm surges several metres high
- STORM SURGES
- INCREASED EROSION - These low frequency
high magnitude events can lead to
significant erosion - FLOODING - in 1953
300 people lost their lives along the east
coastof england during such an event. As a
result longshore drift changes to north to
south
- INCREASED EROSION - These low frequency
high magnitude events can lead to
significant erosion - FLOODING - in 1953
300 people lost their lives along the east
coastof england during such an event. As a
result longshore drift changes to north to
south
- greatest fetch - when the wind is
blowingfrom teh nort east it can
drive powerful waves towards
holderness coast. Ocassionally,
areas of extremely low pressure
move down teh north sea,
funnelling water and creating
storm surges several metres high
- Sea levels rose at the end of
the last glacial period, the
north sea took shape and
started to erode the thick till
deposits to help form the
present day cliffs
- FETCH - greatest
fetch from north
east
- REFRACTION - wave refraction further
acting concentrates waves on headlands
allowing caves to develop progressively
into arches, stacks and stmps
- DESTRUCTIVE -
destructive waves
erode the beaches
and attack the foot
of teh cliffs,
removing the clay in
suspension
- LONGSHORE DRIFT -
longshore drift then carries
the material southward,
the revailing wind is NORTH
EAST
- the dominant waves are
from the north east which is
also the direction of the
largest fetch. Destructive
waves erode the beaches
and attack the foot of the
cliffs, removing the clay in
suspension. Longshore drift
then carries this material
southward.
- TIDES
- GEOLOGY
- WHAT FEATURES AND PROCESSES MAKE
THIS COASTLINE SO DISTINCTIVE?
- the 6km spit at Spurn Point
- retreating clay cliffs of the Holderness Bay
- the impressive chalk
headland and cliffs near
Flamborough
- THE HOLDERNESS CLIFFS
- THE HOLDERNESS CLIFFS
- the 6km spit at Spurn Point
- WHAT HUMAN FACTORS PLAY A PART ALONG THIS COAST?
- THE PRESSENCE OF PEOPLE ALONG THE COAST - turns physical
processes into hazards and threatens life and property.
Increasing population levels due to retirement and teh
development of leisure and holiday facilities have occured
around Bridlington and Hornsea. Caravan parks are a particular
feature of this area. The risks from erosion have been much
publicised at Easington where the gas terminal has been under
threat
- INTEFERING WITH NATURAL PROCESSES - such as longshre drift or implementing
unsuitable deffence strategies can have adverse effects. The downdrift impacts of
groynes at Hornsea, Mapppleton and Withersea mean that sediment is being prevented from building beaches elsewhere. Rapid erosion rates at sites like great cowed maybe due to this sediment starvation effect.
- THE PRESSENCE OF PEOPLE ALONG THE COAST - turns physical
processes into hazards and threatens life and property.
Increasing population levels due to retirement and teh
development of leisure and holiday facilities have occured
around Bridlington and Hornsea. Caravan parks are a particular
feature of this area. The risks from erosion have been much
publicised at Easington where the gas terminal has been under
threat
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