Two main forms of disguise- the
emotional (when characters lie), or
physical (when a costume/ identity is
worn)
Concerned with the need for
wisdom to tell the difference
between appearance and reality-
links to the theme of blindness
Both fathers in the main plot and subplot deal with
children who deceive by appearances. Lear is taken by
false words and appearances just as Gloucester is.
Goneril & Regan are the
personification of hypocrisy
Lear believes the saccharine professions of his older daughters and
divides his kingdom between them- rejecting the reality of the truthfully
and devoted Cordelia
Gloucester too banishes loyal Edgar
and believes the deceitful Edmund
Clothing vs nakedness =
shallowness vs substance
Kent & Edgar who utilize physical
disguise (as Caius/ Poor Tom)
have pure and decent motives-
their disguises are made in order
to be loyal.
However Goneril, Regan, Edmund and
Cornwall hide their true natures through
clothing- Shakespeare's clothing imagery-
a savage critique on aristocratic manners
and affectations
Lear: "through tattered clothes do great vices appear;
robes and furred gowns hide all". - The theme of
outward show of authority hiding a multitude of sins
Lear: "we are come to this great stage of
fools"- we are fools if we are swayed by
what we find on the outside of things.
Lear: "a dog's obeyed in office"- Lear says that the
image of a dog chasing off a beggar is symbolic of
authority- anyone will be obeyed if they hold a position
of power (Goneril /Regan /Cornwall) irrespective of their
true personal wealth or merit (Edgar as Poor Tom/
Kent)- appearance vs reality theme
Shakespeare here- critisicing society-
expressing dangerous political
sentiments for the time in which he
lived- corruption of the courts; but
Lear's madness acts as a buffer. All
that glisters is not gold.
Edgar in Tom's near nakedness is the opposite of
aristocratic fashion- in the new order an ordinary
man is more valuable than a banished aristocrat.
Gloucester needs a commoner to help/ guide him
The naked Tom also helps Lear to see
the naked truth (reality)
Lear says to Edgar- "thou ow'st the worm no
silk, the beast no hide, the sheep no wool, the
cat no perfume"- Lear has lost everything but
in the process has gained a profound insight
that man without his trappings of power &
wealth is a poor, naked animal
Wishing to emulate the truth embodied in
Tom's nakedness- Lear begins to unbutton.
Previously Lear has identified clothes with
superficial pomp- undressed he is now like
Tom- a free man in a "state of nature"
Edgar helps Lear to unmask the uselessness of
loyalty- which is a "lending" both unnecessary and
"superfluous".
Play's paradox- the Fool appears to be foolish
however in reality he is wise. "The hedge-sparrow
fed the cuckoo so long, that it's had it head bit
off by it young"- the Fool sees through the
apparent loving daughters- compares Goneril &
Regan to predatory birds- traitorous/ selfish in
nature
Juxtaposition- although Edgar's identity seems
destroyed- in reality his self actually grows