8042806
Description
Mind Map by sophie terry, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sophie terry
almost 8 years ago
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Key Terms for English Language
- Impoliteness: The act of
directly threatening face.
- Intended to avoid giving
offence by showing
deference.
- I.e. Questioning,
hedging +
presenting
disagreements
(opinions)
- I.e. Questioning,
hedging +
presenting
disagreements
(opinions)
- Intended to avoid giving
offence by showing
deference.
- Politeness strategies:
Distinctive ways in which
speakers can choose to
speak to avoid threatening
face.
- Expresses concern +
minimises threats to
self-esteem / "face".
Intended to avoid
giving offense by
highlighting
friendliness.
- I.e. Juxtaposing criticisms
with compliments,
establishing common
ground, jokes, nicknames,
tag questions & discourse
markers (please)
- I.e. Juxtaposing criticisms
with compliments,
establishing common
ground, jokes, nicknames,
tag questions & discourse
markers (please)
- Expresses concern +
minimises threats to
self-esteem / "face".
Intended to avoid
giving offense by
highlighting
friendliness.
- Conversational Maxims: Explicit principles
that provides a backdrop for conversation
to take place so speakers can easily
understand each other.
- Maxim of quantity: One
tries to be as informative as
possible + give as much
information as needed.
- Maxim of quality: One tries to
be as truthful + does not give
information that is false / not
supported by evidence.
- Maxim of relation: One tries to be
relevant + say things pertinent to the
discussion.
- Maxim of manner: one tries to be as
clear, as brief + as orderly as they
can in what one says. Avoid
ambiguity & obscurity.
- Maxim of quantity: One
tries to be as informative as
possible + give as much
information as needed.
- Felicity conditions: The conditions
needed for a speech act to
achieve its purpose. I.e. Authority
of the speaker & the situation of
the speaker.
- An essential condition:
Whether the speech act is
being performed seriously
& sincerely. (Promise)
- A sincerity condition: Whether
the speaker intends that an
utterance be acted upon by the
addressee. (Go jump off a bridge)
- A preparatory condition: Whether the authority
of the speaker and the circumstances of the
speech act are appropriate to its being
performed successfully.
- An essential condition:
Whether the speech act is
being performed seriously
& sincerely. (Promise)
- Speech Acts: Forms and functions associated with
particular utterances + types of speech.
- I.e. Suggestions, apologies,
threats, compliments, invitations,
advice & warnings.
- Locutionary act: Utterance itself.
- Expressives: Speech which expresses the
feelings / attitudes towards the proposition.
- Assertives: Speech which commits the
speaker to the truth of what they're saying.
- Directives: Speech which triggers the
reader to take action. I.e. requests.
- Declaratives: Speech that
makes a pronouncement that
changes the reality of the
situation. I.e. 'I now
pronounce you man & wife.'
- Expressives: Speech which expresses the
feelings / attitudes towards the proposition.
- Perlocutionary act: The actual effect of the
utterance on the hearer.
- Illocutionary act: The significance &
pragmatic force of the utterance.
- Declaratives: Assertations / statements.
- Imperatives: commands.
- Interrogatives: Questions / requests.
- I.e. Suggestions, apologies,
threats, compliments, invitations,
advice & warnings.
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