AS Physics Unit 1

Annotations:

• Data Sheet http://filestore.aqa.org.uk/subjects/AQA-PHYA1-2-INS-JUN12.PDF

1. Matter and Raditation
   1. The Particles
      1. All Matter/AntiMatter
         1. Leptons
            1. Electron e

               Annotations:

               • Charge = -1.6 ×10^(-19) C Relative Charge = -1 Mass = 9.11 ×10^(-31) kg Relative Mass = 0.0005
            2. Tau τ

               Annotations:

               • Mass = 3500e
            3. Muon

               Annotations:

               • Mass = 207e
            4. Neutrinos ν ν ̅

               Annotations:

               • Each Lepton has a Neutrino equivalent as well as antineutrino.
         2. Hadrons
            1. Mesons
               1. Kaon K
               2. Pion π

                  Annotations:

                  • +, 0 or -
               3. Baryon No. = 0
            2. Baryons
               1. Proton p

                  Annotations:

                  • Charge = 1.6 ×10^(-19) C Relative Charge = +1 Mass = 1.675 ×10^(-27) kg Relative Mass = 1 Quark Configuration: uud
               2. Antibaryons
                  1. Baryon No. = -1
                  2. Antiproton p ̅
                  3. Antineutron n ̅
               3. Baryon No. = 1
               4. Neutron n

                  Annotations:

                  • Charge = 0 C Relative Charge = +1 Mass = 1.673 ×10^(-27) kg Relative Mass = 1 Quark Configuration: udd
            3. All decay into a proton.
               1. 11 min Half Life
            4. Strong Force Dcay
      2. Quarks
   2. The Atom
      1. Nuclei
   3. Photons
   4. Radiation
      1. Gamma γ

         Annotations:

         • Electromagnetic wave. No mass or charge. Emitted when the nucleus has too much energy (E) following α or β decay.
      2. Alpha α

         Annotations:

         • Helium Nucleus (2p, 2n) The daughter nucleus may be stable or unstable.
      3. Beta β

         Annotations:

         • High energy electron. During decay, a neutron becomes a proton. The β particle is produced at the point of change and is emitted immediately. It occurs when there are too many neutrons in a nucleus.
         1. Beta + Decay
            1. u -> d
               1. uud -> udd
         2. Beta - Decay
            1. d -> u
               1. udd -> uud
   5. Electromagnetic Spectrum
      1. E=hf
2. Quantum Phenomena
   1. Photoelectricity
   2. Collisions
   3. Energy Levels
      1. Atoms
      2. Spectra
   4. Wave Particle Duality
3. Electricity
   1. Electric Current
   2. DC
   3. AC
4. Nucleon No.
5. Atomic No.
6. Element
7. Constants

   Annotations:

   • Planck's Constant (h) 6.63 x10^(-34)
8. Equations
9. Conversions
   1. Big

      Annotations:

      • k (kilo)      = 10^(3) M (mega) = 10^(6) G (giga )   = 10^(9) T (tera)      = 10^(12)
   2. Small

      Annotations:

      • m (milli)  = 10^(-3) μ (micro) = 10^(-6) n (nano)  = 10^(-9) p (pico)    = 10^(-12) f (femto)   = 10^(-15)
   3. Square

      Annotations:

      • 1m^2 = 1 x10^(4)cm^2
   4. Cube

      Annotations:

      • 1m^3 = 1 x10^(6)cm^3