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The Glacier System and
the Types of Glaciers
- INPUTS
- Energy
- Precipitation
- Moraine (Supra, Sub glacial)
- Energy
- PROCESSES
- Ice Movement
- Erosion
- Transportation
- Deposition
- Ice Movement
- OUTPUTS
- Ablation
- Calving
- Sediment
- Ablation
- MASS BALANCE
- the constant adjustments to the
amount of accumulation and the
amount of ablation
- Accumulation
- the net gain in an ice mass
and is dominant in the upper
part of the glacier. Examples
of this are snow, refreezing of
meltwater and avalanches
- >ablation causes for a positive
mass balance, this means that the
glacier will be advancing
- the net gain in an ice mass
and is dominant in the upper
part of the glacier. Examples
of this are snow, refreezing of
meltwater and avalanches
- Ablation
- the net loss of water from an ice
mass, this is dominant in the lower
part of the glacier. Examples of this
are melting, calving, evaporation and
sublimation
- >accumulation causes for a
negative ass balance, this means
that the glacier will be retreating.
This tends to occur in the summer.
- the net loss of water from an ice
mass, this is dominant in the lower
part of the glacier. Examples of this
are melting, calving, evaporation and
sublimation
- the constant adjustments to the
amount of accumulation and the
amount of ablation
- TYPES OF GLACIER
- Cold Glaciers (Arctic and Antarctic)
- HIGH latitude location
- LOW relief
- Temperature is
always below 0
- basal temperature is
well below PMP
- Movement of Cold Glaciers
- Intergranual flow - Crystal
reorrientate themselves and move
in relation to eachother
- Laminar flow - the
movement of individual
layers within the glacier
slide over eachother.
- 1-2cm a day
- Intergranual flow - Crystal
reorrientate themselves and move
in relation to eachother
- HIGH latitude location
- Temperature Glacier (Alps and Rockies)
- HIGH Altitude
- Areas of HIGH ACCUMULATION in the winter
- Milder climate with summer melting
- Movement of Temperature Glaciers
- 2-3m per day
- Basal Slippage
- It can represent 80% of Glacier movement. Most temperate glaciers
are at PMP at their base. Friction between the bedrock and the glacier
causes the temperature to increase, this means ice melts and the
water acts as a lubricant and causes the glacier to move.
- It can represent 80% of Glacier movement. Most temperate glaciers
are at PMP at their base. Friction between the bedrock and the glacier
causes the temperature to increase, this means ice melts and the
water acts as a lubricant and causes the glacier to move.
- 2-3m per day
- HIGH Altitude
- Cold Glaciers (Arctic and Antarctic)
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